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In this article, Angie explains the cognitive biases and sterotypes that perpetuate harmful gender roles and misogyny.
Misogyny
Misogyny
Misogyny is deeply embedded in our society, and it is defined by an inveterate prejudice against women. It often stems from cultural and social factors that perpetuate gender stereotypes and inequality, as well as reinforced patriarchal norms that position women as inferior or subordinate to men. Psychological theories such as the gender role threat, as well as unconscious bias caused through observation and reinforcement, often explain these behaviors.
For instance, gender role threat occurs when traditional gender roles are challenged, causing some men to react with hostility or aggression towards women. In situations where women excel in traditionally male-dominated fields, misogynistic attitudes may surface as a way to reassert dominance and restore perceived gender hierarchies. A study conducted by ScienceDirect testing gender roles found that “Masculinity threats led to more public discomfort, anger, guilt, and shame and these effects are specific to gender threats, as opposed to being broader social identity threats.” This can be understood through social identity theory, which posits that people derive a sense of self-worth from their group memberships. When men feel their dominance is threatened, they may demean or devalue women to protect their own sense of identity and superiority.
Furthermore, misogyny can be fueled by unconscious biases and cognitive distortions. Implicit biases, which are automatic and unconscious, may lead individuals to associate negative traits with women, such as weakness or incompetence. According to PressBooks, “sexist ideas seep in and become integrated into our belief systems through what is happening in our working memory space. This also leads to the creation of episodic memories, which often reinforce a sexist belief or mindset.” These biases can influence decision-making and interpersonal interactions, often disadvantageous to women in areas such as employment, education, and leadership opportunities. Additionally, cognitive distortions, such as stereotyping and overgeneralization, simplify complex realities into rigid, harmful narratives. These mental shortcuts reinforce negative perceptions of women, making misogynistic beliefs seem justified or natural.
Addressing the psychology of misogyny requires both individual and societal change. On a personal level, fostering self-awareness and challenging implicit biases can help individuals recognize and unlearn harmful attitudes. Educational programs that promote gender equality and challenge traditional gender norms are crucial in breaking the cycle of misogyny.
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