sdj.10131

Evaluation of Metallic Ion Release from Fixed Orthodontic Appliance in Two Different Mouthwashes and Distilled Water: An In Vitro Study

Rawand A. Mahmood* , Mahmoud K. Mohsin* , Mansour H. Mohammad* , Mohammed M. Shukr**

*Pedodontic, Orthodontic, and Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq. 

**Dental Basic Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq.

Submitted: March 19, 2020, Accepted: January 12, 2021, Published: June 1, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17656/sdj.10131

Objectives: Biocompatibility is an essential requirement for orthodontic appliances, but it leaches metallic ions in the presence of saliva, prophylactic mouthwashes, and toothpaste. This study evaluates the amount of ion release from orthodontic brackets and archwires after immersing them in two different mouthwash and distilled water types.          

Methods: Twenty-four orthodontic sets for one mandibular quadrant, including (five brackets), one buccal tube, and a half of the required length of CuNiTi archwires for each set were used. The samples were dipped in Ortho Kin, Kin Forte, distilled water, and measurements were taken at two time points, first after twenty-four hours and second after two weeks. Distilled water was used as the control group. Then the amount of metallic ion release is evaluated by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) spectroscopy.      

Results: Results showed that the highest concentration of metallic ion release was from samples containing Ortho Kin mouthwash (fluoridated) then the Kin Forte and distilled water.  

Conclusions: Fluoridated mouthwash caused more metallic ion release from orthodontic appliances than non-fluoridated mouthwash and distilled water. 

Keywords: Metallic ions, Mouthwash, Sodium fluoride.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Full Article - PDF 

References:

1. Eliades T, Athanasiou AE. In vivo aging of orthodontic alloys: implication for corrosion potential, nickel release and biocompatibility. Angle Orthod. 2002;72(3):222-37. 

2. House K, Sernetz F, Dymock D, Sandy JR and Ireland AJ. Corrosion of orthodontic appliances, should we care? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133(4):584-92. 

3. Schiff N, Boinet M, Morgon L, Lissac M, Dalard F, Grosgogeat B. Galvanic corrosion between orthodontic wires and brackets in fluoride mouthwashes. Euro J Orthod. 2006;28(3):298-304. 

4. Iijima M, Endo K, Yuasa T, Ohno H, Hayashi K, Kakizaki M. et al. Galvanic corrosion behavior of orthodontic archwire alloys coupled to bracket alloys. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(4):705–11. 

5. Chaturvedi TP, Upadhayay SN. An overview of orthodontic material degradation in oral cavity. Indian J Dent Res.2010; 21(2):275–84. 

6. Jahanbin A, Shahabi M, Mokhber N, Tavakkolian Ardakani E. Comparison of nickel ion release and corrosion sites among commonly used stainless steel brackets in Iran. J Mash Dent Sch. 2009;33(1):17–24. 

7. Kolokitha OG, Chatzistavrou E. Allergic reactions to nickel-containing orthodontic appliances: clinical signs and treatment alternatives. World J Orthod. 2008;9(4):399–406. 

8. Rafeeq RA, Saleem AI, Nissan LM. Ions release from fixed orthodontic appliance in two different mouthwashes. J Bagh College Dentistry. 2014;26(4):152-55. 

9. Kuhta M, Palvin D, Slaj M, Varga S, Varga ML, Slaj M. Type of archwire and level of acidity: effects on the release of metal ions from orthodontic appliances. Angle Orthod. 2009;79(1):102-10. 

10. Gajapurda J, Ashtekar S, Shetty P, Biradar A, Chougule A, Bhalkeshwar D, et al. Ion release from orthodontic brackets in three different mouth washes and artificial saliva: an in vitro study. IOSR- JDMS. 2016;15(4):76-85. 

11. Zatklikova V, Markovicova L, Oravcova M. The effect of fluoride on corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steel. IRJMSE. 2016;2(4):56-8. 

12. Walker M, Ries D, Kula K, Ellis M, Fricke B. Mechanical properties and surface characterization of beta titanium and stainless steel orthodontic wire following topical fluoride treatment. Angle Orthod. 2007;77(2):342–48. 

13. Kaneko K, Yokoyama K, Moriyama K, Asaoka K, Sakai J. Degradation in performance of orthodontic wires caused by hydrogen absorption during short–term immersion in 2.0% acidulated phosphate fluoride solution. Angle Orthod. 2004;74(4):487–95. 

14. Shibata T, Haruna T, Oki T. Initiation and growth of intergranular stress corrosion cracks for sensitized 304 stainless steel depending on NaF concentration of aqueous solution. Tetsu–to– Hagane. 1993;79(6):721–5. 

15. Nakagawa M, Matsuya S, Shiraishi T, Ohta M. Effect of fluoride concentration and pH on corrosion behavior of titanium for dental use. J Dent Res.1999; 78(9):1568–72. 

16. Huang TH, Yen CC, Kao CT. comparison of ion release from new and recycled orthodontic brackets. Am. J. orthod. Dentofc. Orthop. 2001;120(1):68-75. 

17. Nik TH, Hooshmand T, Farazdaghi H, Mehrabi A, Razavi ESE. Effect of chlorhexidine-containing prophylactic agent on the surface characterization and frictional resistance between orthodontic brackets and archwires: an in vitro study. Progress in orthodontics. 2013;14(1):1-8.

Abstract