sdj-10054

β-catenin expression in perilesional area of different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Marwa A. Hamied

College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17656/sdj.10054

Abstract

Objectives: Background: Multistep carcinogenesis discusses a stepwise accumulation of alterations, both genotypic and phenotypic. Arresting one or several of the steps may disturb or delay the development of cancer. Current guidelines describe histopathologic margin of >5 mm as “clear margin” and 1-5 mm as “close margin”. β-catenin plays a critical structural role in mediating cadherin junctions and is also an essential transcriptional co-activator in the canonical Wnt pathway. A predictor marker is needed to confirm the clearance of margins surrounding a resected tumor. The current study aim is to assess β-catenin expression at the perilesional area of OSCC and relate such expression to OSCC histopathological grading.

Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical evaluation of β-catenin expression at the perilesional area of 25 OSCC and ten normal oral mucosae from archival paraffin blocks was done. The sections were assessed according to the ability of surface epithelium at the perilesional area of OSCC in showing normal expression pattern of β-catenin in the oral mucosa.

Results: Normal oral epithelium showed strong β-catenin expression at the cell membrane, but no cytoplasmic or nuclear expression. There was no significant difference between the immunoreactivity for β-catenin in the perilesional area of the different histological grade of OSCCs.

Conclusion: β-catenin expression does not represent a valuable tool to predict the free margin.

Keywords: β-catenin, perilesional area, immunohistochemistry.

Full Article - PDF

References:

1.           Wennerberg J. Predicting response to therapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Anticancer Res 1996; 16 (4C):2389-2396.

2.           Woolgar JA. Histopathological prognosticators in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2006; 42 (3):229-239.

3.           Bundgaard T, Bentzen SM, Wildt J, Sørensen FB, Søgaard H, Nielsen JE. Histopathologic, stereologic, epidemiologic, and clinical parameters in the prognostic evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Head Neck 1996; 18 (2):142-152.

4.           Tsao AS, Kim ES, Hong WK. Chemoprevention of cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2004; 54 (3):150–180.

5.           Shah JP and Gil Z. Current concepts in the management of oral cancer-surgery. Oral Oncol 2009; 45(4-5):394-401.

6.           Shah JP, Cendon RA, Farr HW, Strong EW.

Carcinoma of the oral cavity. Factors affecting treatment failure at the primary site and neck. Am J Surg 1976; 132(4): 504–507.

7.           Gocavarapu S, Chander R, Parvatanen N and Puthamakula S. Close Margins in Oral Cancers: Implication of Close Margin Status in Recurrence and Survival of pT1N0 and pT2N0 Oral Cancers. Int J Surg Oncol 2014; 2014: 545372.

8.           Helliwell T and Woolgar JA. Standards and Minimum Datasets for Reporting cancers. The dataset for Histopathologic Reports on Head and Neck Carcinomas and Salivary Neoplasms. Royal College of Pathologists, London, UK, 2nd edition, 2005.

9.           Schwartz LH, Ozsahin M, Zhang GN, Touboul E, De Vataire F, Andolenko P et al. Synchronous and metachronous              head       and         neck        carcinomas.

Cancer1994; 74 (7):1933-1938.

10.         Dakubo DG, Jakupciak PJ, Birch-Machin AM, Parr LR. Clinical implications and utility of field cancerization. Cancer Cell Int 2007; 7:2. 

11.         Braakhuis BJ, Tabor MP, Kummer JA, Leemans CR, Brakenhoff RH. A genetic explanation of Slaughter's concept of field cancerization: evidence and clinical implications. Cancer Res 2003; 63:1727–1730.

12.         Slaughter DP, Southwick HW, Smejjkal W. "Field cancerization" in the oral stratified squamous epithelium. Cancer 1953; 6: 963-968.

13.         Fu Y, Zheng S, An N, Athanasopoulos T, Popplewell L, Liang A et al. β-catenin as a potential key target for tumor suppression. Int J Cancer 2011; 129 (7): 1541– 1551.

14.         Brembeck FH, Rosario M, Birchmeier W. Balancing

cell adhesion and Wnt signaling, the key role of βcatenin. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2006; 16 (1): 5–59.

15.         Sasaya K, Sudo H, Maeda G, Kawashiri S,  Imai K.

Concomitant loss of p120-catenin and β-catenin membrane expression and oral carcinoma progression with E-cadherin reduction. PLoS ONE 2013; 8 (8): e69777.

16.         Kaur J, Sawhney M, DattaGupta S, Shukla NK,

Srivastava A, Walfis PG et al. Clinical significance of altered expression of β-catenin and E-cadherin in oral dysplasia and cancer: potential link with ALCAM expression. PLoS ONE 2013; 8 (6): e67361.

17.         Santoro A, Pannone G, Papagerakis S, McGuff HS, Cafarelli B, Lepore S et al. β-catenin and epithelial tumors: a study based on 374 oropharyngeal cancers.

Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014: 948264.

18.         Uraguchi M, Morikawa M, Shirakawa M, Sanada K, Imai K. Activation of WNT family expression and signaling in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. J Dent Res 2004; 4: 327-332.

19.         Díez-Pérez R, Campo-Trapero J, Cano-Sánchez J, 

20.         Nason RW, Binahmed A, Pathak KA, Abdoh AA, Sandor GKB. What is the adequate margin of surgical resection in ´ oral cancer?. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 107(5): 625–629.

21.         Barrya C,  Shawa R, Woolgarb J, Rogersa S, Lowea D, Browna J. OP081: evidence to support: a 3 mm margin as oncologically safe in early oral SCC. O Oncol 2009; 49, supplement 1, S37.

22.         McMahon J, O’Brien CJ, Pathak I, Hamill R, McNeil E, Hammersley N et al. Influence of condition of surgical margins on local recurrence and disease

specific survival in oral and oropharyngeal cancer.  Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 41(4): 224-231.

23.         Batsakis     JG.         Surgical excision   margins: A pathologist’s perspective.  Adv Anat Pathol 1999; 6(3): 140-148.

24.         Clevers H, Nusse R. Wnt/b-catenin signaling and disease. Cell 2012; 149 (6): 1192-1205.

25.         Lee CH, Hung HW, Hung PH, Shieh YS. Epidermal

growth factor receptor regulates β-catenin location, stability, and transcriptional activity in oral cancer. Molr Cancer 2010; 9: 64.

26.         Hamied MA. Immunohistochemical evaluation of βcatenin and UCHL1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma in relation with invasive front grading system. M.Sc thesis in Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, University of Sulaimani, 2015.

27.     Braakhuis JMB, Tabor PM, Leemans RC, der Waal I, Snow BG, Brakenhoff  HR. Second primary tumors and field cancerization in oral and oropharyngeal cancer: Molecular techniques provide           new insights and definitions. Head Neck 2002; 24(2): 198–206.

López-Durán M, Gonzalez-Moles MA, BasconesIlundain J, Bascones-Martinez A. Methylation in oral cancer and pre-cancerous lesions (Review).  Oncol Rep 2011; 25:1203-1209.