Acid-Base Equilibria

Learning Objectives

14.1 Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

• Identify acids, bases, and conjugate acid-base pairs according to the Brønsted-Lowry definition

• Write equations for acid and base ionization reactions

• Use the ion-product constant for water to calculate hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations

• Describe the acid-base behavior of amphiprotic substances

14.2 pH and pOH

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

• Explain the characterization of aqueous solutions as acidic, basic, or neutral

• Express hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations on the pH and pOH scales

• Perform calculations relating pH and pOH

14.3 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

• Assess the relative strengths of acids and bases according to their ionization constants

• Rationalize trends in acid–base strength in relation to molecular structure

• Carry out equilibrium calculations for weak acid–base systems

14.4 Hydrolysis of Salts

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

• Predict whether a salt solution will be acidic, basic, or neutral

• Calculate the concentrations of the various species in a salt solution

• Describe the acid ionization of hydrated metal ions

14.5 Polyprotic Acids

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

• Extend previously introduced equilibrium concepts to acids and bases that may donate or accept more than one proton

14.6 Buffers

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

• Describe the composition and function of acid–base buffers

• Calculate the pH of a buffer before and after the addition of added acid or base

14.7 Acid-Base Titrations

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

• Interpret titration curves for strong and weak acid-base systems

• Compute sample pH at important stages of a titration

• Explain the function of acid-base indicators

Lecturettes and PowerPoint Notes

Acid-Base 1: Acids and Bases and pH

Video Acid-Base_1 (mp4) PowerPoint (ppt) (pdf)

Acid-Base 2: Acid-Bases Equilibria

Video Acid-Base_2 (mp4) PowerPoint (ppt) (pdf)

Buffers: Acid-Base Reactions: Buffer Solutions

Video Buffers_3 (mp4) PowerPoint (ppt) (pdf)

other materials:

Titration Roadmap (pdf)

Strong Acid-Strong Base Titration (mp4)

Weak Acid-Strong Base Titration (mp4)

Strong Acid-Weak Base Titration (mp4)

Activities

pH calculations (pdf) (solution)

Salt solution pH (pdf) (solution) 

Solution A vs. buffered solution B (pdf) (solution)

Titration multiproblem HCN & NaOH (pdf) (solution)

Titration multiproblem HClO & KOH (pdf) just answers (pdf) (solution)

Ksp molar solubility (pdf) (solution)