Grade 9 Key

A

Agr: pronoun-antecedent agreement

Ap: possessives

ApX: misuse of apostrophe

C

Comma rules:

C: commas

CA: before “and,” “but” (independent

clauses)

C.Ad: coordinate adjectives

C.App: appositives

CD: dialogue (I said, “Hello”)

CDA: direct address

CDN: dates, numbers, etc.

CE: ending/concluding element

CI: introductory word group

C.Inter: interrupting elements.

CQ: tag question (“am I?”) or

command

CS: comma splices

C.Ser: series.

C.Tr: transitions.

C.Wh: “who,” “whom” (nonrestrictive)

CYN: “yes,” “no,” interjections

CX: misused comma

Cap: capitalization

Cap.X: misuse of capitals

Cit: in-text citations

D

DM: dangling/misrelated modifiers

E

EP: end punctuation

F

Fl: flabby sentences

Fr: fragments

FS: fused sentences

G

G: glossary of usage

G.1: Write the rule, not just “G” or “Glossary.”

H

Hy: hyphens with compounds, prefixes

Hy.E: divide words at the end of lines to make margins and spacing regular

Hy.T: typography

Hy.X: misuse of hyphens

I

Inf: informal, slang, regionalisms

L

Writing about Literature:

LI: avoid the irrelevant “I” and “me”

LO: avoid mystery openings

LVT: use present tense in writing

about literature

M

Manuscript Form rules:

Hdg: heading (Manuscript Form)

Hwtg: handwriting (Manuscript Form)

Ind: indentation (Manuscript Form)

Mat: materials (Manuscript Form)

MF: Manuscript Form

MFP: punctuation

MFQ: quotations

MF.Sp: Spacing

MFT: title

MF.Ty: Typeface

Mrg: margins

Pg: pagination (Manuscript Form)

Mx: shifts and mixed constructions

N

N: numbers

P

PV: passive voice

Pronoun Case:

PC: case (“I,” “me,” “my,” etc.)

PCA: compounds (“he and I,” etc.)

PCC: comparisons (“as old as I,” etc.)

PCL: linking verbs (“This is she”)

Q

Quotation Marks:

QM: quotation marks

QMX: misuse (to indicate irony)

R

Ref: pronoun reference

Red: redundancy

RO: run-on sentence

S

SC: semicolons

SCX: misuse of semicolon

Sp: spelling checklist

Subject-Verb Agreement:

SV: subject-verb agreement

SVA: “and” and “or”

SVC: complements

SV.Col: collective nouns, numbers,

titles

SVI: inversion (“there is/are,” etc.)

SVP: indefinite pronouns (“any,”

“each,” etc.)

T

T: titles (punctuation: “Birches,” Hamlet)

V

Voc: meaningless and lifeless words

VT: verb tense

W

Wdy: wordiness

WW: wrong word