Embedded Files
Google Sheets is a web-based spreadsheet tool offered by Google.
It allows you to:
Create and edit spreadsheets online
Use formulas and functions for calculations
Collaborate with others in real time
Store and access spreadsheets from any device
Integrate with other Google tools like Google Forms
How to Get to Google Sheets
Option 1: Use the direct link
Open your web browser
Go to: https://sheets.google.com
Sign in with your Google account
Option 2: Through Google Drive
Go to: https://drive.google.com
Click the "+ New" button on the left
Select "Google Sheets"
Choose "Blank Spreadsheet" or select from templates
How to Create a Google Sheets Spreadsheet
Click the "+ Blank" button or choose a template
A new spreadsheet will open
Click on "Untitled spreadsheet" at the top left to rename it
Start entering data directly into the cells
Google Sheets saves your changes automatically in your Google Drive.
How to Share a Google Sheets File
Click the blue "Share" button in the top-right corner
Enter the email addresses of the people you want to share with
Choose their access level: Viewer, Commenter, or Editor
Click "Send"
To share using a link:
Click "Share"
Click "Copy link"
Set the link access to Viewer, Commenter, or Editor
Share the link by email, chat, or message
Types of Access in Google Sheets
Viewer – Can view the spreadsheet but cannot make changes
Commenter – Can view and leave comments, but cannot edit cells
Editor – Can make changes to the spreadsheet, including formatting, formulas, and structure
How to Check If Someone Can Edit
Click the "Share" button
Look under "People with access"
Next to each name, you will see their permission level
Use the dropdown next to their name to change access if needed
Basic Features and Tools in Google Sheets
Entering data:
Click any cell and start typing
Press Enter to move down, Tab to move right
Formatting cells:
Use the toolbar to change font, size, color, alignment, or add borders
Sorting and filtering data:
Highlight your data
Click Data > Sort range or Create a filter
Using formulas:
Start any formula with = (equal sign)
Examples:
=SUM(A1:A5) to add values
=AVERAGE(B1:B10) to find the average
=IF(C1>10, "Yes", "No") for conditional logic
Freezing rows and columns:
View > Freeze > select row or column
Keeps headers visible when scrolling
Creating Charts and Graphs
Highlight the data you want to chart
Click Insert > Chart
Use the Chart Editor on the right to customize chart type and appearance
Types of charts include: Column, Bar, Line, Pie, and more
Advanced Google Sheets Features
Conditional formatting:
Format > Conditional formatting
Set rules to automatically color cells based on values
Data validation:
Data > Data validation
Restrict cell entries to dropdown lists, number ranges, or custom rules
Pivot tables:
Insert > Pivot table
Analyze large datasets by summarizing data
Importing data:
File > Import to bring in Excel, CSV, or other files
Use =IMPORTDATA, =IMPORTRANGE, or =IMPORTHTML to bring in external data
Protected ranges:
Data > Protect sheets and ranges
Limit editing to specific users or lock down certain cells
Collaborator comments:
Right-click a cell and select “Comment”
Useful for team feedback or asking questions
Offline editing:
Enable offline mode in Google Drive settings to work without an internet connection
Google Sheets Formulas
Basic Math Formulas
=SUM(A1:A10)
Adds all the values in the range A1 through A10.
=AVERAGE(B1:B5)
Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the numbers in B1 through B5.
=MIN(C1:C10)
Finds the smallest value in the selected range.
=MAX(C1:C10)
Finds the largest value in the selected range.
=COUNT(A1:A20)
Counts how many cells in the range contain numbers.
=COUNTA(A1:A20)
Counts how many cells are not empty (including text and numbers).
=PRODUCT(A1:A5)
Multiplies all the values in the selected range.
Logical and Conditional Formulas
=IF(A1>10, "Yes", "No")
Checks if A1 is greater than 10. If true, returns “Yes”; otherwise, returns “No”.
=AND(A1>5, B1<10)
Returns TRUE if both conditions are true.
=OR(A1>5, B1<10)
Returns TRUE if at least one of the conditions is true.
=NOT(A1>5)
Reverses a condition. If A1 is greater than 5, it returns FALSE.
Lookup and Reference Formulas
=VLOOKUP("Apple", A2:B10, 2, FALSE)
Searches for “Apple” in the first column of range A2:B10 and returns the value in the 2nd column of that row.
=HLOOKUP("Q1", A1:D5, 2, FALSE)
Searches for “Q1” in the top row and returns the value in row 2 of that column.
=INDEX(A2:C4, 2, 3)
Returns the value in the 2nd row and 3rd column of the range A2:C4.
=MATCH(100, A1:A10, 0)
Returns the position of 100 within the range A1:A10.
=INDIRECT("B2")
Returns the value in cell B2, using a text string to reference it.
Text Formulas
=CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1)
Combines (joins) the contents of A1 and B1 with a space in between.
=TEXT(A1, "MM/DD/YYYY")
Formats the number or date in A1 using a custom format.
=UPPER(A1)
Converts text in A1 to all uppercase.
=LOWER(A1)
Converts text in A1 to all lowercase.
=PROPER(A1)
Capitalizes the first letter of each word in A1.
=LEN(A1)
Counts the number of characters (including spaces) in cell A1.
=LEFT(A1, 5)
Returns the first 5 characters from the start of the text in A1.
=RIGHT(A1, 3)
Returns the last 3 characters from the end of the text in A1.
=TRIM(A1)
Removes extra spaces from text, leaving only single spaces between words.
Date and Time Formulas
=TODAY()
Returns the current date.
=NOW()
Returns the current date and time.
=DAY(A1)
Extracts the day number from a date in A1.
=MONTH(A1)
Extracts the month number from a date in A1.
=YEAR(A1)
Extracts the year number from a date in A1.
=DATEDIF(A1, B1, "D")
Calculates the number of days between two dates.
=EDATE(A1, 3)
Returns the date 3 months after the date in A1.
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