3 Chinese Philosophies

A: Religion vs Philosophy

What is the difference between religion and philosophy?

As we previously have examined, religions are belief systems that seek to provide answers to human questions about existence, purpose, and the afterlife. Religions tend to be comprehensive in their explanations, but not necessarily critical of their own stories and beliefs.

Religion attempts to offer a view of all of life and the universe and to offer answers to most, if not all, of the most basic and significant questions which occur across humanity and around the globe. The answers provided by religion often are not subject to the careful scrutiny of reason and logic. Many religious beliefs seem to defy logic and reason, but they are based on faith.

Philosophy, or the study of the nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, takes both a critical and comprehensive approach to understanding the world. It is the most critical and comprehensive thought process developed by human beings. Philosophy tends to be critical of blind faith and belief systems, such as religions. Philosophy looks for rational explanations and justifications for beliefs, as it is based on reason.

Pecorino, Philip A. "Philosophy of Religion".

B: Chinese Dynasties

Power shifted from family to family

As various families ruled, religion played a key role in the decision-making of the leaders. The religious leaders, advisors, and thinkers of the day influenced leaders and their decisions.

CC: Chinese Dynasties

C: Gods and Ancestors

The Mandate of Heaven

Rulers remained in power, so long as they were ruling with the proper behavior and decisions. Should a ruler fail, it was because he/she lost the "Mandate of Heaven."

CC: Mandate of Heaven

D: Conditions in China deteriorate

The Warring States Period

During the Warring States period, China did not have a strong government. Power struggles occurred between powerful families, each vying for the right to rule. Military might was used as warriors from each clan battled for their benefactors.

Chinese society fell into a period of disorder and unrest, both politically and socially.

Sooooo....How did they fix this?

During this time of great unrest, thinkers came up with ideas about how best to restore order to China and its people. Leaders looked to these thinkers and their philosophies (a school of thought related to thinking about the nature of knowledge, reality, and existence) to guide their ruling and the ways of all people in China.

E: New Ideas

If YOU were there...

You are a student of the famous teacher Confucius. Like many older Chinese, he thinks that society has changed - and not for the better. He believes in old values and a strict social order. He is trying to teach you and your fellow students how to behave properly. You must respect those who are your superiors in society. You must set a good example for others.

How will these teachings affect your life?

F: A way of thinking...

Chapter 21: Three Chinese Philosophies

Philosophers, or thinkers, created plans of how best to govern the people of China. Based on your answers on the previous section, you have chosen one of the three major Chinese philosophies. The three main philosophies from ancient China are: