NC.1.oa.9

In this standard, students are expected to develop and demonstrate fluency with addition and subtraction number combinations (facts) with numbers up to 10. 

Students are fluent when they display accuracy, efficiency, and flexibility. 

• Efficiency means that students are able to have an answer within 5 seconds by the end of the year. 

• Flexibility means that students are able to compose and decompose numbers to help them think about ways to solve these problems.

• Traditional flash cards or timed tests have not been proven as effective instructional strategies for developing fluency (Kling & Bay-Williams, 2020). Instead, students should have multiple experiences solving tasks with manipulatives and drawings, playing fluency games, and discussing the relationships between numbers to help develop fluency with addition and subtraction strategies. 

Note: Work with this standard should be integrated throughout the year with a focus on conceptual approaches to learning these combinations.