Online Course Design

By Ngoc Vo, Ph.D.

USG eCampus


Backward Design

There are a variety of ways to plan the curriculum for a course. One of the easiest and most helpful frameworks is the "Understand by Design" framework by McTighe and Wiggins (2005). This framework focuses on two key ideas:

  • Teaching so that students understand the material and determining how this will be assessed

  • Designing backward from the desired results

Backward Design consists of three steps as beside.

To read more about Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins's "Understand by Design", please read the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD)'s white paper: "Understand by Design framework" by Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins.

ADDIE Design Model

Another model used by course developers and instructors is the ADDIE Model. The five phases create the ADDIE acronym: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. This systematic model is based on continuous feedback and changes as you teach your course and make changes to resolve concerns that you find as you teach. Here is a brief summary of the five phases or steps of this model.

Analysis: In this phase, you are clarifying your course and module objectives, as well as reflecting on your students and their skills and abilities as they come into your class. What knowledge can you expect that they have? What can you provide for students who don't have some of the basic knowledge or skills that you think would be ideal? How will you help all your students meeting the course and module objectives (content and learning activities)? How will you assess your students? How will you accommodate students with limited access to technology?

Design: In this phase, you turn your ideas into decisions about which course tools you will use to meet the objectives and requirements you realized in the first phase. In this phase, you need to organize the learning steps so that students can build on their skills in each module and across the term. As you develop content and select course tools and activities, think about the time needed for students to complete the module and course.

Develop: In this phase, you begin to build your course in the LMS with alternatives for students who can't access the LMS. As you add content and learning tools, you can think about what graphs, graphics, multimedia, and other learning objects will best support learning. Make sure that you organize each module using a similar organizational structure so that students know what to find where. For example, begin each module with an overview that provides context, then provide content, allow students to engage with the content, and then assess their understanding. Pay attention to the flow and pacing of the course.

Implementation: In this phase, you and your course are tested as students progress through the course. If possible, ask a colleague (preferably one without expertise in the subject matter area) to go through your course to ensure that they can follow the flow of the course and understand your instructions.

Evaluation: In this phase, you and your students evaluate the course. Based on concerns that you or your students noticed during the Implementation phase, you can determine what changes need to be made to make the course flow better for the students. You can also ask students specific questions in the end-of-term evaluation about what aspects of the course they found helpful and supported their learning and which parts of the course were confusing.