Non-Modifiable Risk Factors  

Age  

Although schizophrenia typically presents in late adolescence or early adulthood, late-onset schizophrenia occurs in older adults, often presenting with fewer positive symptoms.

Gender  

Males typically have an earlier onset of schizophrenia and may exhibit more severe symptoms compared to females.  

Genetics  

Family history of schizophrenia or other psychiatric disorders increases risk, with several genetic variations linked to susceptibility 

Modifiable Risk Factors  

Socioeconomic Status  

Lower Socioeconomic Status (SES)  

Lower SES has been associated with higher rates of schizophrenia, potentially due to stress and limited access to mental health resources 

Risky Behaviours  

Substance Abuse  

Use of substances like cannabis, especially in adolescence, has been linked to an increased risk of schizophrenia onset.

Environmental Hazards 

Living Standards

Urban upbringing, exposure to infections, and prenatal malnutrition may contribute to schizophrenia development