布袋戲小百科
Little Encyclopedia of 〝 Po-te-hi〞Knowledge
戲神 Deity of Traditional Palm Puppet Theater
田都元帥與西秦王爺是台灣地方戲劇界與傳統音樂從事者所供奉的兩大主神
Tian Du Yuan Shuai and Lord Xiqin are the two main gods enshrined by Taiwan's local theater and traditional folk music practitioners.
田都元帥 Tian-Du Yuan-Shuai
田都元帥的故事
田都元帥造型為年輕狀元打扮、頭髮結兩條長辮子、紅臉、嘴唇外或額頭上畫一隻毛蟹。
據傳唐朝年間田都元帥的生母採食稻穀後懷孕，由於未婚生子，不得已將嬰孩丟棄田間，幸得毛蟹吐沫哺育，又被農夫收養，取名雷海青。
雷海青從小精通音律，但是不能言語，被唐明皇召為樂官，一日唐明皇夢遊月宮，得一部奇書，滿朝文武無人能解，此時雷海青突然開口:「此工尺譜也」。於是按照樂譜傳授樂工演奏，唐明皇大悅，封「梨園大學士」，並賜御酒三杯，元帥飲後酒倒金階，皇帝命宮女扶入後宮而眠，故有言「十八年前開口笑，醉倒金階玉女扶」。
後來在安祿山叛亂時被殺害，死後經常以「雷」為旗號顯靈，但因為雲霧遮蓋了「雷」上方的「雨」字，只露出下方的「田」，因此民眾皆認為是姓「田」的天神，久而久之便被稱為田都元帥。
禁忌
供奉田都元帥之藝人，有不吃毛蟹的禁忌，為感念毛蟹的吐沫哺育之恩。
西秦王爺Lord Xiqin
西秦王爺
西秦王爺據說就是唐明皇，在位期間，政治修明、人民安居樂業。昇平日久，朝政每下愈況，而玄宗風流文雅，醉心歌舞樂曲，並於後宮建築戲臺，稱為「梨園」，培養優伶，對戲曲很有貢獻。但晚年唐明皇因寵愛楊貴妃，加上沉迷歌舞，荒廢政業，終於引起安祿山之亂。安史之亂後，玄宗讓位，跑到西蜀渡晚年，因西蜀為西秦舊地，因此民間便稱他「西秦王爺」。
梨園
後世將「梨園 」視為戲曲界之始，戲曲演員也被稱為「梨園弟子」，而唐明皇理所當然的被梨園弟子奉為戲神。
據說從事演藝工作的人，供奉西秦王爺，會使自己的演技更為精湛。
Making the Puppet`s Head
偶頭主要以樟木為材料，中國福建地區盛產樟木，樟木可避蟲害、軟硬適中、加工容易、也易於保存。台灣原也以樟木作為製偶材料，後來改用梧桐木或白木等，主要取其輕巧又易加工的特性。
偶頭的製作過程
工序/process:
(1) 選木材 Choosing wood.
(2)定五形 Position profile.
(3)劈型 Chiselling into shape.
(4)粗胚 Rough cutting.
(5)細胚 Sanded.
(6)磨平上底漆 Base color.
(7)繪臉譜 Painting thee face.
(8)植髮鬚 Combing the hair.
＊傳統作法:第6步完整工序包含:貼紙、上土、底漆。
傳統布袋戲之服飾 Puppet Costumes
布袋戲服大多仿造明制，間而參考漢、唐、宋、元之服制，其後又有清朝服。為配合手掌之舞動，其形狀略呈方形，然無論在做工、質料、裝飾、服色皆極考究，或縫針、或刺繡、或盤金、或綴珠，不因其面積小而有所馬虎。
Hand puppet costumes mostly follow the Ming dynasty style of dress, although they can also be modelled on dress of the earlier Han, Tang and Yuan periods, as well as the later Ching dynasty. For easier manipulation puppet costumes are slightly square in shape, but otherwise close attention is paid to the workmanship, materials, decoration and color of each costume. whether sewing seams, embroidery, gold brocade or tiny beads, every single stitch is applied with loving care, even more so since the costumes are so small. The most common types of puppet costumes are as follows:
Yellow Dragon Robe /黃蟒
蟒:又名「通」，為黃帝和文武百官之禮服。質料用綢緞，圖案繡蟒(四爪)，下擺繡海水江涯。顏色分行黃、紅、赭、綠、藍、白、黑以別職位。
This is the ceremonial dress worn by emperors and important civil and military officials. The fabric is silk, embroidered with dragon motifs(four- taloned) with seawater and river motifs along the lower hem. Robes are of different colors-yellow, red, ocher, green, blue ,white, black-according to the wearer `s rank.
Black Battle Dress / 黑甲
甲:俗稱戰甲，武將所穿之戎裝。質料用段，腰中繡獅頭，全身分繡鱗甲。顏色分黃、紅、藍、白、綠、黑、粉紅等色。此外又有女將所穿之女戰甲。
This is worn by military commanders. Of satin fabric ,the gown has a lion`s head embroidered at the center at waist height, an is further embroidered all over with fish-scale motifs . It occurs in yellow, red, green, blue ,white, black and pink. There is also women`s battle dress as worn by female commanders.
Embroidered Robe / 繡補
繡補:又名「官服」。品官章服，質料用素色緞，樣式如線(衫)袞，胸前後各綴一方補，補上繡圖案，有紅、藍、白、黑、綠等色。
This is worn by ranking imperial officials. Of plain satin fabric, it resembles the plain robe in style except for being embellished with mandarin squares front and back. There mandarin squares are embroidered with pictures. This robe occurs in red, blue, white, black, and green.
Court Robe / 宮衣
宮衣:宮主、郡主或貴妃等宮眷所穿，繡花衣領、飄帶纓穗，圖案有牡丹、鳳凰、花蕊等。
Worn by female members of the imperial household as princesses, commandery princesses and imperial concubines. Special features include embroidered collars, trailing sashes ,and designs of peonies ,phoenixes and blossom.
Woman`s Cloak / 女帔
女帔:質用綢緞，繡有各類圖案，為貴夫人或千金小姐所穿；亦有素色，為一般女旦所穿。
Of satin fabric and embroidered with all kinds of designs, this is worn by noble ladies or young women of wealthy families. There is also a plain version that is worn by ordinary female roles.
Everyday Robe / 衫袞
衫袞:或稱線袞，京劇稱「褶子」，乃普通人之穿著，以素色為主，亦有繡花草，多為年經人或富家公子所穿。
As worn by ordinary characters, this robe is completely plain, There is also an embroidered version that is worn by young adults or sons of wealthy families.
Eight Trigrams Robe/
八卦衣
八卦衣:又名道袍或道服。繡太極圖和八卦，象徵諳曉陰陽，通識八卦為道士或軍師之服裝。
This is embroidered with the diagram of the Supreme Ultimate and the Eight Trigrams, symbolizing arcane knowledge of the Yi/Yang duality and expertise in divination by the Eight Trigrams. It is worn by Taoist adepts and military instructors.
Monk`s Robe / 僧衣
僧衣:為一般和尚或修行者所穿，樣式如線袞、素色。
Worn by Buddhist monks, the robe resembles the plain robe.
Warrior`s Topcoat /
武袍仔
袍子:又名箭衣，為武人所穿，以緞製素色為主，繡簡單花紋，外可罩上外衣。
Worn by military characters, this close-fitting silk robe is usually plain or embroidered with simple pattern. An outer robe may be worn over the top.
Servant`s Dress / 雜役服
雜役服:為七丑、下人、僕役所穿。
Worn by the Seven Clowns, lowly characters and servants.
Soldier`s Dress / 兵衣
兵衣:一般士卒所穿的衣服，繡有唐朝國號。
This is Worn by soldiers. The fabric is silk, embellished with round pattern front and back are embroidered with title of Tang dynasty.
布袋戲演出禁忌傳說為何？
1、演出前需淨臺 2、不可坐戲籠（或稱戲箱） 3、不可說蛇（內行話叫草繩）
4、演完後需團圓 5、布袋戲乞丐衣放在所有衣服上面 6、丑角放在所有木偶上面
布袋戲演出「扮仙」主要目的為何？內容為何？其主要角色為何？
為神明祝壽或信徒還願。分三部曲：1、祝壽（一般稱為福祿壽三仙會，分別為富可敵國的石崇【福】、百子千孫周文王【祿】與壽比南山的彭祖【壽】）2、跳加官（據說是狄仁傑之孫狄光）3、團圓（鍾景琪、葛明霞）
傳統布袋戲可分為那幾派？
傳統布袋戲，若以後場音樂大致可分北管園派（軒、社、樓、園）、潮調閣派、南管派（龍、虎、鳳）。
二次世界大戰後，布袋戲界有所謂「五大柱」
「一岱、二祥、三仙、四田、五藏」，分別是虎尾五洲園黃海岱、西螺新興閣鍾任祥、關廟玉泉閣「仙仔師」黃添泉、麻豆錦花閣「田師」胡金柱、屏東東港復興社「藏師」盧崇義。