We have a custom-made high-vacuum (~10-5 mbar) arc furnace which allow to melt high-purity refractory alloy in small amount (~20 g), and in various shapes (billiet, bar, rod). This provides us a perfect testing platform for our nanomechanical and deformation mapping techniques. We are interested in developing refractory alloys for extreme environment, e.g. nuclear, high-temperature, and oxidation resistance. We are also doing fundamental studies on the effects of interstitial impurities (C, N, O) to the mechanical properties and phase stabilities of refractory alloys.