About

During recent years drug discovery has emerged into a fully integrated scientific discipline. More and more of the very early steps in the ultimately difficult and costly process to get a new drug to the market are now integrated into academic labs. Within the growing academic community in the area of chemical biology and early phase drug discovery, our lab focuses on the development and application of alternative integrated process to identify new small molecule, peptidomimetic and biosimilar ligands for the most challenging target proteins. Within the so called families of “undruggable” targets, protein-protein interactions, enzymatic targets in the field of the ubiquitin proteasome system, and intrinsically unfolded proteins are within the top ranked class of proteins with which big Pharma is struggling. Using alternative, and pragmatic approaches we develop methods to suggest, produce, find and evaluate chemical and biological entities. In combining basic quantitative molecular recognition science with initial drug discovery efforts, we identify small molecular tool compounds and biosimilar probes which can be further developed from hits to lead compounds and applied to chemically validate protein targets. The three disease areas CTB focuses their efforts on are cancer, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative diseases (particularly Parkinson’s). Supported by developments from our efforts in the core areas of biology, chemistry and engineering, CTB has developed four screening platforms which are integrated into one discovery process.

(1) The Chemoinformatics and in-silico screening platform (LBSSX) helps us to define which compounds or libraries should be prioritized for testing. LBSSX is further applied for industrial library annotation, target identification, ligand and library based similarity analysis and for the design of novel drug combinations. MorPH, shown in figure 1 is an additional software package for the iterative semi-automated development of peptidomimetics.


1a. Molecular similarity platform, 1b. Protein promiscuity map, 1c. Cone-angle restrictive docking, 1d. Morphing of peptides into stable peptidomimetics, scheme and morphed Shugoshin peptidomimetic bound to Survivin


(2) The Label Free Affinity screening Platform (LFAP); exemplary techniques shown in figure 2, is used to identify compounds which bind to a target, measure their affinities, identify aggregating compounds, and even goes as far as determining whether a small molecule binds to the target specifically in cell lysates and cells. Diverse biophysical techniques include pbSEC, fC, qµD, magB, TAPS, TDA, HDX, FBS & F-NMR which cover ranges of 10 mM to picomolar affinities of binders to be found.

2a. Quantitative microdialysis (qμD). 2b. Plate-based size exclusion (pbSEC). 2c. Magnetic bead screening in cell lysate (magB). 2d. Intracellular affinity screening platform (TAPS)


(3) A confocal scanning – on-bead screening platform (CONA) is applied to test binders identified in the LFAP for the functional activity in-vitro. It also used to identify novel biosimilars and peptidic ligands. The CONA assay family now includes Classic-CONA, UPS-CONA, PPI-CONA, Phage-CONA and enzPhage-CONA, exemplified in figure 3. All CONA assays are run on the PE-OPERA High Content Screening confocal imager.

3a. CONA screening principle. 3b. Ubiquitination-Proteasome System - CONA screening (UPS). 3c. Alpha-Synuclein Oligomerisation CONA assay.


(4) For mechanistic analysis CTB has a fluorescence based assay platform established which uses single molecule as well as ensemble average fluorescence techniques. Four confocal micro-spectroscopes are applied for fluctuation analysis at single molecule resolution (FCS, FCCS, 1D-FIDA, 2D-FIDA in 2 colour and anisotropy mode) and time-correlated single-photon counting, a technique in which each individual molecule diffusing through the confocal volume is analysed for its intensity, lifetime, speed of translation, speed of rotation and distance to binding partners, see figure 4. For chemical support of these four platforms CTB develops dyes, tags, linkers and libraries as demonstrated in figure 5. For biological support CTB produce target proteins using combined labelling and purification steps (ToolBox reagents), and keeps the cell lines need for screening. PS03, the TCSPC-single molecule instrument is CTBs most progressed optical engineering project.

4a. Single molecule bursts. 4b. Excitation laser bank of the TCSPC microscope, 4c. Mutiparameter fluorescence burst analysis


Alongside collaborative projects across the proteasome, CTB manages a number of internal targets, including the cancer targets Survivin, Rac1, WDR5, members of the EGFR Raf/Ras pathway, the neurodegenerative target Alpha-synuclein along with all known human maintenance E1 and E2 enzymes.


CTB is always interested in industrial collaborations, something we have had great experiences with in the past, facilitating unburdened knowledge and technology transfer for the benefit of all partners.