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The PREP and EDIT Model
PREP and EDIT are frameworks created by Dan Fitzpatrick to help users design stronger AI prompts and refine the responses they produce.
PREP stands for Prompt, Role, Explicit, and Parameters—it ensures your instructions are clear, purposeful, and targeted so the AI understands both what to do and how to do it.
EDIT, which stands for Evaluate, Determine, Identify, and Transform, guides you through reviewing and improving the AI’s output for accuracy, clarity, and tone.
By combining PREP and EDIT, you not only structure prompts that lead to better initial responses but also apply a systematic process for refining those results, turning generic or vague outputs into focused, high-quality content aligned with your goals.
The PREP Elements
The PREP framework is for crafting your initial prompt. It helps you give the AI clear, purposeful instructions by defining the Prompt, Role, Explicit instructions, and Parameters. This ensures the AI understands exactly what you want and how you want it done before it generates any output.
Prompt – Introduce the question clearly to guide the AI’s response.
Example: “Explain how photosynthesis works in simple terms.”
Role – Assign a voice or persona to shape how the AI responds.
Example: “Act as a high school biology teacher.”
Explicit – Be direct and specific in your instructions.
Example: “Include the main steps and avoid technical jargon.”
Parameters – Define boundaries or expectations for the answer.
Example: “Keep the explanation under 150 words and use bullet points.”
Image generated using Microsoft Copilot, September 25, 2025.
PREPARE Extension
Dan Fitzpatrick has expanded the original PREP framework into PREPARE, adding three steps that strengthen your prompt before you reach the core PREP elements. These additions help the AI clarify your intent, assess its own output, and elevate the quality of its response.
Ask – Instruct the AI to ask you clarification questions before continuing. This ensures the model fully understands your needs before generating an answer.
Example: “Ask me some clarification questions first, and then answer.”
Rate – Ask the AI to rate its own output. Having the model evaluate its response forces it to reflect on accuracy, completeness, and clarity.
Example: “Give the summary a rating from 0–10, and indicate what could be improved.”
Emotion – Add an emotional stimulus to encourage greater effort. This can nudge the AI to produce a more thoughtful and higher-quality response.
Example: “Breathe in, and breathe out. Try to really do your best. It’s important to me.”
The EDIT Elements
The EDIT Elements
The EDIT framework is for reviewing and refining the AI’s response. Since AI can produce inaccurate, unclear, or undesired content, EDIT guides you through evaluating the output, determining what needs improvement, identifying issues, and transforming the content into a polished, high-quality result.
Evaluate – Review the AI’s response for clarity, accuracy, and completeness.
Example: “Does this answer fully address the question and make sense to my audience?”
Determine – Identify what needs to change or improve.
Example: “The explanation is accurate but too long and overly technical.”
Identify – Pinpoint specific sections to adjust or rewrite.
Example: “Simplify the paragraph explaining chlorophyll and remove extra terminology.”
Transform – Revise the response to meet your goals and improve quality.
Example: “Rewrite the explanation in under 100 words using plain language.”
Image generated using ChatGPT, October 9, 2025.
Image generated using Microsoft Copilot, September 25, 2025.
EDIT in Action
Suppose we needed to prepare materials for a middle school clasroom regarding renewable energy. Below is a sample interaction of how a user could use the EDIT framework to interact with the AI.
User: Hey ChatGPT, can you write a short paragraph about renewable energy for middle school students?
ChatGPT (initial response): Renewable energy comes from sources that don’t run out, like the sun, wind, and water. Using renewable energy is important because it helps reduce pollution and protects the environment. Solar panels, wind turbines, and hydroelectric dams are ways we get energy from these sources.
User (E – Evaluate): Okay, let’s look at this. The paragraph is clear, but it’s a bit too generic for middle school students. It could be more engaging and give examples they can relate to.
User (D – Determine): I want it to include a simple analogy and a fun fact to make it more memorable.
User (I – Identify): The current response is accurate but bland. It lacks storytelling, examples, or anything that would capture a middle schooler’s attention.
User (T – Transform): ChatGPT, can you rewrite the paragraph with a fun analogy, one concrete example kids can picture, and a small fun fact?
ChatGPT (refined response): Imagine the sun, wind, and rivers as giant batteries that never run out. That’s what renewable energy is! Solar panels on rooftops can catch sunlight like a giant solar-powered umbrella, and wind turbines spin like pinwheels on a windy day to make electricity. Fun fact: the world’s largest solar farm is so big it can power over 150,000 homes! Using renewable energy helps keep our planet clean and healthy.
User (E – Evaluate): This is much better! It’s engaging, uses an analogy, and adds a fun fact. Language is still simple and age-appropriate.
User (D – Determine): No major content changes needed; maybe just one more example of something familiar at home.
User (I – Identify): Could mention something kids might see at home, like a small solar charger or garden wind spinner.
User (T – Transform): ChatGPT, can you add a tiny example of something kids might see in their own backyard?
ChatGPT (final response): Imagine the sun, wind, and rivers as giant batteries that never run out. That’s what renewable energy is! Solar panels on rooftops can catch sunlight like a giant solar-powered umbrella, and wind turbines spin like pinwheels on a windy day to make electricity. Even small solar chargers for toys use this amazing energy! Fun fact: the world’s largest solar farm is so big it can power over 150,000 homes! Using renewable energy helps keep our planet clean and healthy.
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