You can choose any type of projection from the given list. By default it is a central projection from camera's position.
In photography longer focal length leads to higher magnification and narrower angle of view. Conversely, shorter focal length leads to lower magnification and wider angle of view.
In a real camera it specifies the size of film on which the light falls, in most cases equal to 36mm. Since it is a technical parameter, it should be constant.
Field of view corresponds to horizontal and vertical angle captured by the camera. It is bounded to focal length and sensor size by the following scheme:
Scaling factor available only for parallel projection.