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The U-value is frequently calculated in heat transfer engineering. U-value (or thermal transmittance) is the rate of heat transfer through a material in W/m²·K. The U-value program allows you to build as many material layers as required. A lower U-value indicates better insulation to prevent heat gain/loss and condensation occurrence.

Condensation on a flat surface such as wall or glass occurs when the surface temperature falls below the dew point temperature of the surrounding air. The U-value program determines the surface temperature and compares it to the dew point temperature to predict the occurrence of condensation. You can do calculations for a single outside air condition or simulate a variety of them. Multiple outside air conditions can be simulated via a user-supplied outside air conditions text file.

Principle 1: Heat flows from hot to cold.

Principle 2: Surface condensation will occur on the outer surface (hot side) when the outer surface temperature (Ts) falls below or equals the dewpoint temperature (Tdp) of the ambient air.

Principle 3: Add insulation materials (R1+R2+ ... ) to prevent condensation occurrence.

Note: 

(1) The U-value calculator is not designed for use in calculating winter conditions.  

(2) Surface condensation, not interstitial condensation, is the focus of condensation prediction. 

(3) The U-value calculator is designed in SI units only.

(4) The U-value calculator uses reference #1 for material properties for its built-in material selections. 

Reference #1 - CODE ON ENVELOPE THERMAL PERFORMANCE FOR BUILDINGS published by Building and Construction Authority (BCA) of Singapore.

download sample result of single outside condition in pdf here.

Applied Calculation Example: 

Simulate external environmental and operating conditions (Singapore 2025 Feb 15 hourly data)