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The Latin subjunctive exists in four tenses:
The Latin subjunctive exists in four tenses:
PRESENT, IMPERFECT, PERFECT & PLUPERFECT
It is used in the active and passive voice, and it can change according to the conjugation.
PRESENT, IMPERFECT, PERFECT & PLUPERFECT
It is used in the active and passive voice, and it can change according to the conjugation.
It's translation, however, is entirely dependent on how it is being used (see types).
It's translation, however, is entirely dependent on how it is being used (see types).
Present Subjunctive
Present Subjunctive
The Present Subjunctive resembles the Present Indicative except that the STEM VOWEL changes in each conjugation.
The Present Subjunctive resembles the Present Indicative except that the STEM VOWEL changes in each conjugation.
To form, go to the 2nd pp, drop the "re", make your vowel change, and then add your endings (personal or passive)
To form, go to the 2nd pp, drop the "re", make your vowel change, and then add your endings (personal or passive)
One mnemonic to help you remember how to change the vowel:
One mnemonic to help you remember how to change the vowel:
1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io/4th
Imperfect Subjunctive
Imperfect Subjunctive
The Imperfect Subjunctive is the easiest to form!
The Imperfect Subjunctive is the easiest to form!
Simply go to the SECOND PRINCIPAL PART and add the appropriate endings.
Simply go to the SECOND PRINCIPAL PART and add the appropriate endings.
Perfect Subjunctive
Perfect Subjunctive
Active
Active
- 3rd principal part
- drop the "i"
- add "eri"
- add personal endings
Passive
Passive
- 4th principal part
- add "sum" in the present subjunctive (sim)
or "Si" + personal ending
Pluperfect Subjunctive
Pluperfect Subjunctive
Active
Active
- 3rd principal part
- drop the "i"
- add "isse"
- add personal endings
Passive
Passive
- 4th principal part
- add "sum" in the imperfect subjunctive (essem)
or "Esse" + personal endings
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