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The Agent is expressed in the Ablative case in Latin
The Agent is expressed in the Ablative case in Latin
The Present System:
The Present System:
Present, Imperfect, Future
Present, Imperfect, Future
The PASSIVE VOICE in Latin is formed two different ways, depending on the TENSE.
The PASSIVE VOICE in Latin is formed two different ways, depending on the TENSE.
For the PRESENT SYSTEM (present, Imperfect, and future tenses), Latin does NOT use an auxiliary verb (is/was/will). Instead, it adds a special set of endings, known as the PASSIVE endings, to the STEM and SIGNIFIER.
For the PRESENT SYSTEM (present, Imperfect, and future tenses), Latin does NOT use an auxiliary verb (is/was/will). Instead, it adds a special set of endings, known as the PASSIVE endings, to the STEM and SIGNIFIER.
To translate a Passive verb from Latin to English, the best advice is to WORK BACKWARDS.
To translate a Passive verb from Latin to English, the best advice is to WORK BACKWARDS.
Passive Endings
Passive Endings
*2nd person sing alternative passive ending: -"re"
Formation
Formation
Present Tense
Present Tense
Imperfect Tense
Imperfect Tense
Future Tense
Future Tense
3rd & 4th conjug DO NOT use "bo/bi/bu". They change their stem vowel to "a" in the 1st pers sing (dicar) &"e" for the other forms (diceris, dicetur, etc)
*2nd pers sing uses “be” for future tense
The Perfect System:
The Perfect System:
Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect
Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect
For the PERFECT SYSTEM (perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses), Latin forms the passive similarly to English with an auxiliary verb (est (is)/erat (was)/erit (will)) and the past participle (verbed), which is the 4th principal part of the verb.
For the PERFECT SYSTEM (perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses), Latin forms the passive similarly to English with an auxiliary verb (est (is)/erat (was)/erit (will)) and the past participle (verbed), which is the 4th principal part of the verb.
Added bonus: ALL CONJUGATIONS behave the same!!!
Added bonus: ALL CONJUGATIONS behave the same!!!
For each tense, go to the
For each tense, go to the
FOURTH PRINCIPAL PART.
FOURTH PRINCIPAL PART.
The “um” ending must match the
The “um” ending must match the
GENDER & NUMBER of the subject.
GENDER & NUMBER of the subject.
These endings are from 1st & 2nd declension adjectives
As a SECOND word, add the corresponding form of Sum, Esse.
As a SECOND word, add the corresponding form of Sum, Esse.
Perf Pass = present conjugation of sum. Pluperf Pass = imperfect of sum (eram)
Perf Pass = present conjugation of sum. Pluperf Pass = imperfect of sum (eram)
Future Perf Pass = future of sum (ero).
Future Perf Pass = future of sum (ero).
Perfect Passives do NOT use PASSIVE ENDINGS!!!
Perfect Passives do NOT use PASSIVE ENDINGS!!!
Perfect Tense
Perfect Tense
Pluperfect Tense
Pluperfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense
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