Embedded Files
The Prefect System in Latin includes THREE TENSES: Perfect, Imperfect, Future Perfect. These Tenses are taken together because they are always formed from the 3rd principal part in the active voice and 4th principal part for the passive voice.
The Prefect System in Latin includes THREE TENSES: Perfect, Imperfect, Future Perfect. These Tenses are taken together because they are always formed from the 3rd principal part in the active voice and 4th principal part for the passive voice.
Perfect Tense
Perfect Tense
Definition: The Action of the verb has been completed or took place in the PAST
Definition: The Action of the verb has been completed or took place in the PAST
Active
Active
Examples: I walked, you have walked, she has spoken, we sung
Examples: I walked, you have walked, she has spoken, we sung
How to Form the Perfect ACTIVE*:
How to Form the Perfect ACTIVE*:
- Third principal part
- Minus "i"
- Add PERFECT ACTIVE ENDINGS:
-i -imus
-isti -istis
-it -erunt
How to Translate:
How to Translate:
- the Subject verbed
- the subject has/have verbed
- the subject did verb
Latin Examples
Latin Examples
- Amo, amare, amavi:
amavisti = you loved, you have loved - Video, videre, vidi:
vidit = he saw, she has seen - Duco, ducere, duxi:
duximus = we led, we have led - Audio, audire, audivi:
audiverunt = they led, they have heard
Passive
Passive
Examples: I have been led, you were thrown, he has been loved, she was heard
Examples: I have been led, you were thrown, he has been loved, she was heard
How to Form the Perfect Passive*:
How to Form the Perfect Passive*:
- Fourth Principal Part
Adjust the ending to match the gender & # of the subject (masc = -us/-i; fem = -a/-ae; neuter = -um/-a)
- Add (as separate word) the present conjugation of "sum"
How to Translate:
How to Translate:
- the Subject has/have been verbed
- the Subject was/were verbed
- This differs from the imperfect passive by omitting the "being" and referring to an action that happened once in the past (or at one moment)
Latin Examples
Latin Examples
- Amo, amare, amavi, amatum:
Amatus es= you were loved - Video, videre, vidi, visum:
Visa est= she has been seen - Duco, ducere, duxi, ductum:
Ducti sumus = we have been led - Audio, audire, audivi, auditum:
audita sunt = they (those things) were heard
Pluperfect Tense
Pluperfect Tense
Definition: The Action of the verb took place in the PAST prior to another completed action. (more perfect)
Definition: The Action of the verb took place in the PAST prior to another completed action. (more perfect)
Active
Active
Examples: I had led, you had thrown
Examples: I had led, you had thrown
How to Form the Perfect ACTIVE*:
How to Form the Perfect ACTIVE*:
- Third principal part
- Minus "i"
- Add "-era-"
- Add PERSONAL ENDINGS
How to Translate:
How to Translate:
- the Subject had verbed
Latin Examples
Latin Examples
- Amo, amare, amavi:
amaveras = you had loved - Video, videre, vidi:
viderat = he had seen - Duco, ducere, duxi:
duxeramus = we had led - Audio, audire, audivi:
audiverant = they had heard
Passive
Passive
Examples: I had been led, you had been thrown
Examples: I had been led, you had been thrown
How to Form the Perfect Passive*:
How to Form the Perfect Passive*:
- Fourth Principal Part
Adjust the ending to match the gender & # of the subject (masc = -us/-i; fem = -a/-ae; neuter = -um/-a)
- Add (as separate word) the imperfect conjugation of "sum"
or: Add "era-" and then the PERSONAL ENDINGS
How to Translate:
How to Translate:
- the Subject had been verbed
Latin Examples
Latin Examples
- Amo, amare, amavi, amatum:
Amatus eras= you had been loved - Video, videre, vidi, visum:
Visa erat= she had been seen - Duco, ducere, duxi, ductum:
Ducti eramus = we had been led - Audio, audire, audivi, auditum:
audita erant = they (those things) had been heard
Future Perfect
Future Perfect
Definition: The Future Perfect tense is used to convey an action that will have been completed prior to something else.
Definition: The Future Perfect tense is used to convey an action that will have been completed prior to something else.
Active
Active
Examples: I will have led, you will have thrown
Examples: I will have led, you will have thrown
How to Form the Perfect ACTIVE*:
How to Form the Perfect ACTIVE*:
- Third principal part
- Minus "i"
- Add "-eri-"
"-ero" is used for the 1st person singular
- Add PERSONAL ENDINGS
How to Translate:
How to Translate:
- the Subject will have verbed
Latin Examples
Latin Examples
- Amo, amare, amavi:
amaveris = you will have loved - Video, videre, vidi:
videro = I will have seen - Duco, ducere, duxi:
duxerimus = we will have led - Audio, audire, audivi:
audiverint = they will have heard
Passive
Passive
Examples: I will have been led
Examples: I will have been led
How to Form the Perfect Passive*:
How to Form the Perfect Passive*:
- Fourth Principal Part
Adjust the ending to match the gender & # of the subject (masc = -us/-i; fem = -a/-ae; neuter = -um/-a)
- Add (as separate word) the future conjugation of "sum"
or: Add "ero/i/u" and then the PERSONAL ENDINGS
How to Translate:
How to Translate:
- the Subject will have been verbed
Latin Examples
Latin Examples
- Amo, amare, amavi, amatum:
Amatus eris= you will have been loved - Video, videre, vidi, visum:
Visa ero= I will have been seen - Duco, ducere, duxi, ductum:
Ducti erimus = we will have been led - Audio, audire, audivi, auditum:
audita erunt = they will have been heard
Page updated
Google Sites
Report abuse