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Siege of Roermond 1572 (Hogenberg)
Siege of Roermond 1572 (Hogenberg)
Ludovicus Siceram (1623?)
Mirrored after the original
Siege of Eindhoven 1583 (Willem Baudartius ~1600)
Siege of Eindhoven 1583 (Willem Baudartius ~1600)
Element water (Nicolaes de Bruyn, after Maerten de Vos)
Element water (Nicolaes de Bruyn, after Maerten de Vos)
The Duke of Parma receives the Golden Fleece
The Duke of Parma receives the Golden Fleece
Fort Kallo 11 august 1585
Maritime Regulations During the Nine Years' War
Maritime Regulations During the Nine Years' War
This official placard (plakkaat) was issued by the States General of the Dutch Republic in 1690 and printed in The Hague by Jacobus Scheltus, the official printer of the government. It represents a crucial maritime regulation during the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), a major conflict involving the Dutch Republic, England, and their allies against France under Louis XIV.
The decree specifically aims to restrict interactions between Dutch or neutral ships and enemy vessels, particularly those associated with France. It condemns certain Dutch skippers and merchants who were secretly trading or aiding enemy ships under the pretense of commercial activities. The placard reinforces previous regulations, including a ban on docking in enemy-controlled ports and the rationing of supplies for enemy ships to prevent them from receiving unrestricted provisions.
What Did "Rationing Enemy Ships" Mean?
What Did "Rationing Enemy Ships" Mean?
The term "rantsoeneren van vijandelijke schepen" (rationing of enemy ships) likely referred to:
Restricting supplies – Enemy ships could only receive minimal amounts of food, water, and essential goods.
Controlling trade – Trade with enemy vessels was strictly regulated, preventing them from gaining economic or military advantages.
Economic warfare – By limiting resources available to enemy ships, the Dutch sought to weaken France’s naval capabilities without directly engaging in a naval blockade.
The placard emphasizes strict enforcement, warning shipowners and merchants against violating these maritime restrictions. The consequences of non-compliance likely included heavy fines or confiscation of goods and ships.
This document reflects the broader Dutch strategy during the Nine Years' War, combining naval power, trade restrictions, and economic measures to counter French expansion. Placards like this one would have been posted in major Dutch ports, ensuring that all shipowners and merchants were aware of these wartime policies.
Edouard Georg (1893 – 1968)
Édouard Goerg – Expressionist Lithograph (Artist’s Proof 1/11, 20th century)
Édouard Goerg – Expressionist Lithograph (Artist’s Proof 1/11, 20th century)
This striking lithograph by Édouard Goerg (1893-1969) exemplifies his powerful expressionist style and social critique. The composition features a dramatic, tormented figure wielding a sword, seemingly suspended over a chaotic, suffering world. Below, contorted human forms writhe in turmoil, while the dark, radiating background enhances the ominous atmosphere.
Goerg, a French artist deeply influenced by his experiences in World War I, often depicted themes of war, violence, and human despair. This print likely reflects his antimilitarist stance, questioning the illusion of peace and the endless cycle of conflict. The handwritten inscription at the bottom reinforces this idea:
"To whom can the comfort be given of being at peace with the earth if the living and the dead are entangled?"
This particular edition is an artist’s proof (1/11), making it a rare and valuable piece. Signed by the artist in the lower left corner, the work showcases Goerg’s mastery of light and shadow, reminiscent of German Expressionism and early Symbolist engravings.
A haunting and thought-provoking work, this lithograph is a powerful testament to the brutality of war and the existential struggle of mankind.
Dimensions: 56 × 38 cm
Edition: Artist’s Proof 1/11
Signed: Lower left
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