Trapping sediment with vegetational measures

Trapping sediment with vegetation measures is an effective approach for limiting and halting land degradation, particularly in areas prone to soil erosion. Vegetation plays a crucial role in preventing erosion by stabilizing soils, reducing the velocity of water runoff, and trapping sediment. 

1. Contour plowing: Contour plowing is a technique where crops are planted along the contour lines of a slope. This method creates a series of ridges and furrows that intercept and slow down the flow of water, allowing sediments to settle within the furrows. The vegetation on the ridges further helps in anchoring the soil, reducing erosion. Contour plowing is commonly used in agricultural areas with sloping terrains, such as parts of the Appalachian region in the United States.

3. Grassed waterways: Grassed waterways are vegetated channels designed to handle and slow down water runoff, preventing erosion in agricultural fields. These channels are created by establishing a dense cover of grass or other erosion-resistant vegetation. Grassed waterways effectively trap sediment, as the vegetation slows down the water flow, allowing sediments to settle. This practice is commonly employed in agricultural landscapes, such as the Midwest region in the United States.

4. Windbreaks and shelterbelts: Windbreaks and shelterbelts are rows of trees or shrubs planted perpendicular to prevailing winds. They act as barriers, reducing wind speed and protecting soil from erosion caused by wind. The vegetation in windbreaks and shelterbelts intercepts airborne sediments, preventing them from being deposited on agricultural fields or other vulnerable areas. Windbreaks are widely used in areas with strong winds, such as the Great Plains region in the United States.

5. Terracing: Terracing involves creating a series of leveled steps on sloping terrain to slow down the flow of water and trap sediment. Each terrace is designed to hold water and allow sediments to settle before the runoff continues downslope. Terracing is practiced in various parts of the world, such as terraced rice fields in Southeast Asia and terraced vineyards in wine-growing regions like the Douro Valley in Portugal. The terraces provide stable surfaces for vegetation growth and help prevent erosion.