In situ and other indicators for soil erosion by water and wind

CLIMATE

Air temperature

Potential evapotranspiration

Rainfall seasonality

Rainfall erosivity

SOILS

Parent material

Rock fragments

Slope aspect

Slope gradient

Soil depth

Soil texture

Soil water storage capacity

Exposure of rock outcrops

Organic matter surface horizon

Electrical conductivity

VEGETATION

Major Land use

Vegetation cover type

Plant cover

WATER RUNOFF

Drainage density

Impervious surface area

FIRES

Burned area

Socio-economic indicators

AGRICULTURE

Farm ownership

Farm size

Land fragmentation

Net farm income

Parallel employment

CULTIVATION

Tillage operations

Tillage depth

Tillage direction

HUSBANDRY

Grazing control

Grazing intensity

LAND MANAGEMENT

Fire protection

Sustainable farming

Reclamation of mining areas

Soil erosion control measures

Soil water conservation measures

Terracing (presence of)

LAND USE

Land abandonment

Land use intensity

Land use type

Period of current land use

WATER USE

Irrigation percentage of arable land

Runoff water storage

TOURISM

Tourism intensity

SOCIAL

Old age index

Population density

Population growth rate

INSTITUTIONAL

Farm subsidies

Policy implementation