Estrogens

Ability to drive, conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

In clinical trials with bazedoxifene monotherapy, somnolence was reported as an adverse reaction. In patients receiving bazedoxifene monotherapy there have been post-marketing reports of visual symptoms such as visual acuity disturbance or blurred vision

Acarbose, estrogens

The combined active ingredient with acarbose may cause hyperglycaemia, what may attenuate the acarbose effects. Monitorization of the blood-sugar concentration is recommended

Agomelatine [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

Combination of agomelatine with oestrogens (moderate CYP1A2 inhibitors) results in several fold increased exposure of agomelatine. Caution should be exercised when prescribing agomelatine with other moderate CYP1A2 inhibitors

Alendronic acid [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of eMC

A number of patients in the clinical trials received oestrogen (intravaginal, transdermal, or oral) while taking alendronate. No adverse experiences attributable to their concomitant use were identified.

Alfacalcidol, estrogens

The co-administration may enhance the alfacalcidol effect in the peri and postmenopause

Ambrisentan [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

Based on this pharmacokinetic study, ambrisentan would not be expected to significantly affect exposure to oestrogen- or progestogen-based contraceptives.

Amoxicillin, estrogens

Antibiotic may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.

Ampicillin, estrogens

Antibiotic may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.

Anastrozole [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of eMC

Oestrogen-containing therapies should not be co-administered with anastrozole as they would negate its pharmacological action.

Antacids, conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

There were no significant pharmacokinetic interactions between bazedoxifene and antacids with aluminium

Antibiotics, estrogens

Antibiotic may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.

Antiepileptics, conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

The metabolism of oestrogens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Antiepileptics, estrogens ---> SmPC of [estradiol] of eMC

The metabolism of estrogens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Antiestrogens, estrogens

Association not recommended

Atorvastatin, conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

There were no significant pharmacokinetic interactions between bazedoxifene and atorvastatin

Azithromycin, conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

There were no significant pharmacokinetic interactions between bazedoxifene and azithromycin

Barbiturates, estrogens

The metabolism of estrogens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Bendroflumethiazide, estrogens

Oestrogens may antagonise the diuretic effect of thiazides.

Benzylpenicillin, estrogens

Antibiotic may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.

Betablockers [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of eMC

Concurrent use of oestrogens and betablockers may decrease the antihypertensive effect of betablockers because oestrogen-induced fluid retention may lead to increased blood pressure.

Bezafibrate [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of eMC

Since oestrogens may lead to a rise in lipid levels, the prescribing of bezafibrate in patients taking oestrogens or oestrogen-containing contraceptives must be critically considered on an individual basis.

Breast-feeding, conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

DUAVIVE is contraindicated during breast-feeding. Oestrogen administration to breast-feeding mothers has been shown to decrease the quantity and quality of the milk.

Breast-feeding, estrogens

Is not indicated during lactation

Budesonide [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

Elevated plasma concentrations and enhanced effects of glucocorticosteroids have been reported in women also receiving oestrogens or oral contraceptives.

Calcium, estrogens

The co-administration may increase the absorption of calcium salt

Carbamazepine, conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

The metabolism of oestrogens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Carbamazepine, estrogens ---> SmPC of [estradiol] of eMC

The metabolism of oestrogens and progestagens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Carvedilol [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of eMC

The antihypertensive effect of carvedilol is decreased due to water and sodium retention.

Cefixime, estrogens

Cefixime reduces the contraceptive effect of oral oestrogens.

Cefotaxime, estrogens

Cefotaxime reduces the contraceptive effect of oral oestrogens.

Cefpodoxime, estrogens

Cephalosporins potentially reduce the contraceptive effect of oestrogens.

Cefuroxime axetil [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of eMC

Cefuroxime axetil may affect the gut flora, leading to lower oestrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral contraceptives.

Cefuroxime [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of eMC

Cefuroxime axetil may affect the gut flora, leading to lower oestrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral contraceptives.

Cephalexin, estrogens

Cefalexin decreases the contraceptive effect of oral oestrogens.

Cephalosporins, estrogens

Cephalosporins potentially reduce the contraceptive effect of oestrogens.

Chenodeoxycholic acid, estrogens

The co-administration may increase the cholesterol concentration in the bile and prevent the dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by chenodeoxycholic acid

Cholestyramine, estrogens

Cholestyramine may partially abolish the absorption of the co-administered medicament

Clarithromycin, estrogens ---> SmPC of [conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene] of EMA

Inhibitors of CYP3A4 may increase plasma concentrations of oestrogens and may result in adverse reactions.

Clomipramine, estrogens ---> SmPC of [estramustine] of eMC

Oestrogens have been reported to increase both therapeutic activity and toxicity of tricyclic antidepressants, probably via inhibition of their metabolism.

Clopidogrel [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

The pharmacodynamic activity of clopidogrel was not significantly influenced by the co-administration of phenobarbital or oestrogen.

Clopidogrel/acetylsalicylic acid [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

The pharmacodynamic activity of clopidogrel was not significantly influenced by the co-administration of phenobarbital or oestrogen.

Cloprednol, estrogens

Increased glucocorticoid effect

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], diazepam ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

Based on in vitro bazedoxifene plasma protein-binding characteristics, interactions with warfarin, digoxin or diazepam are unlikely.

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], digoxin ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

Based on in vitro bazedoxifene plasma protein-binding characteristics, interactions with warfarin, digoxin or diazepam are unlikely.

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], efavirenz ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

The metabolism of oestrogens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], ibuprofen ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

There were no significant pharmacokinetic interactions between bazedoxifene and ibuprofen

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], itraconazol ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

In a clinical drug-drug interaction study, repeat administration of 200 mg itraconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, had minimal impact on the pharmacokinetics of CE and bazedoxifene when administered with a single dose of CE 0.45 mg/bazedoxifene 20 mg.

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], magnesium hydroxide ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

There were no significant pharmacokinetic interactions between bazedoxifene and magnesium hydroxide

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], nelfinavir ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

Ritonavir and nelfinavir, although known as strong inhibitors, by contrast exhibit inducing properties when used concomitantly with steroid hormones.

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], nevirapine ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

The metabolism of oestrogens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], phenobarbital ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

The metabolism of oestrogens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], phenytoin ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

The metabolism of oestrogens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], pregnancy ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

DUAVIVE is only for use in postmenopausal women, and is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], rifabutin ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

The metabolism of oestrogens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], rifampicin ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

The metabolism of oestrogens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], ritonavir ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

Ritonavir and nelfinavir, although known as strong inhibitors, by contrast exhibit inducing properties when used concomitantly with steroid hormones.

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], St. John's wort ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

Herbal preparations containing St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) may induce the metabolism of oestrogens. Clinically, an increased metabolism of oestrogens may lead to decreased effect and changes in the uterine bleeding profile.

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], strong CYP3A4 inhibitors ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

In a clinical drug-drug interaction study, repeat administration of 200 mg itraconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, had minimal impact on the pharmacokinetics of CE and bazedoxifene when administered with a single dose of CE 0.45 mg/bazedoxifene 20 mg.

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], strong glucuronidation inductors ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

The metabolism of bazedoxifene may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce UGTs, potentially leading to decreased systemic concentrations of bazedoxifene.

Conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene [1], warfarin ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

Based on in vitro bazedoxifene plasma protein-binding characteristics, interactions with warfarin, digoxin or diazepam are unlikely.

Corticosteroids, estrogens ---> SmPC of [deflazacort] of eMC

In patients taking estrogens, corticosteroid requirements may be reduced.

Cyclosporine, estrogens

The plasma and tissue levels of cyclosporine may increase up to toxic levels

CYP3A4 inductors, estrogens

The CYP3A4 induction may decrease the plasma concentrations of estrogen and therefore decrease the contraceptive effect

CYP3A4 inhibitors, estrogens

The CYP3A4 inhibition may increase the plasma concentrations of estrogen

Danazol [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of eMC

It is likely that interactions will occur between danazol and gonadal steroid therapy.

Dantrolene, estrogens

The co-administration of dantrolene and estrogens increases the risk of hepatotoxicity

Darunavir/cobicistat, estrogens ---> SmPC of [darunavir] of EMA

Alternative or additional contraceptive measures are recommended when oestrogen-based contraceptives are co-administered with darunavir/cobicistat

Darunavir/ritonavir, estrogens ---> SmPC of [darunavir] of EMA

Alternative or additional contraceptive measures are recommended when oestrogen-based contraceptives are co-administered with darunavir and low dose ritonavir.

Deflazacort [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of eMC

In patients taking estrogens, corticosteroid requirements may be reduced.

Demeclocycline [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of EMA

Antibiotic may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.

Diazepam [1], estrogens ---> SmPC of [1] of eMC

Possible inhibition of hepatic metabolism of diazepam.

Diuretics, estrogens

Effects of diuretics are antagonized by oestrogens

Efavirenz, estrogens ---> SmPC of [estradiol] of eMC

The metabolism of estrogens and progestagens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Enzyme inductors, estrogens ---> SmPC of [estradiol] of eMC

The metabolism of oestrogens and progestagens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Erythromycin, estrogens ---> SmPC of [conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene] of EMA

Inhibitors of CYP3A4 may increase plasma concentrations of oestrogens and may result in adverse reactions.

Estrogens [1], flucloxacillin ---> SmPC of [1] of eMC

In common with other antibiotics, flucloxacillin may affect the gut flora, leading to lower oestrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of the combined oral contraceptive.

Estrogens [1], labetalol ---> SmPC of [1] of eMC

Concurrent use of oestrogens and betablockers may decrease the antihypertensive effect of betablockers because oestrogen-induced fluid retention may lead to increased blood pressure.

Estrogens [1], pyrazinamide ---> SmPC of [1] of eMC

Pyrazinamide may reduce the contraceptive effects of oestrogens

Estrogens, etravirine [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

The combination of oestrogen- and/or progesterone-based contraceptives and etravirine can be used without dose adjustment.

Estrogens, exemestane [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

Exemestane should not be coadministered with oestrogen-containing medicines as these would negate its pharmacological action.

Estrogens, fentanyl

The combination may increase plasma fentanyl up to toxic levels.

Estrogens, fludrocortisone

Corticosteroid half-life and concentration may be increased and clearance decreased.

Estrogens, fluocortolone

Increased fluocortolone effect

Estrogens, fosphenytoin [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

Estrogens may increase phenytoin serum levels. Blood levels and/or effects of estrogens may be altered by phenytoin

Estrogens, glibenclamide [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

The co-administration may weaken the hypoglycemic effect

Estrogens, glimepiride [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

Weakening of the blood-glucose-lowering effect and possible hyperglycaemia

Estrogens, gliquidone

Hyperglycemic reactions may occur as expression of weakening effect of gliquidone with gliquidone is co-administered with estrogens

Estrogens, grapefruit juice ---> SmPC of [conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene] of EMA

Inhibitors of CYP3A4 may increase plasma concentrations of oestrogens and may result in adverse reactions.

Estrogens, griseofulvin

The metabolism of estrogens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Estrogens, hemine [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

The metabolism of concomitantly administered drugs that are metabolised by cytochrome P450 enzymes may increase during administration of hemin, leading to lower systemic exposure.

Estrogens, human insulin [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

Possible reduction of the patient's insulin requirement

Estrogens, hydantoins

The metabolism of estrogens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Estrogens, imipramine [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

There is evidence that oestrogens can sometimes paradoxically reduce the effects of imipramine yet at the same time cause imipramine toxicity.

Estrogens, insulin glargin [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

Reduced blood-glucose-lowering effect

Estrogens, insulin glargine/lixisenatide [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

This substance may reduce the blood-glucose-lowering effect.

Estrogens, insulin glulisin [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

Possible decrease in blood-glucose-lowering activity

Estrogens, itraconazol ---> SmPC of [conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene] of EMA

Inhibitors of CYP3A4 may increase plasma concentrations of oestrogens and may result in adverse reactions.

Estrogens, ketoconazole ---> SmPC of [conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene] of EMA

Inhibitors of CYP3A4 may increase plasma concentrations of oestrogens and may result in adverse reactions

Estrogens, letrozole

Co-administration of letrozole with estrogens should be avoided as it may diminish the pharmacological action of letrozole

Estrogens, levothyroxine

The requirement for levothyroxine may increase

Estrogens, light paraffin

The co-administration of paraffin oil and estrogens may decrease the absorption of estrogen

Estrogens, liothyronine

Estrogen may increase the requirements for liothyronine

Estrogens, lofepramine

Oestrogens have been reported to increase both therapeutic activity and toxicity of tricyclic antidepressants, probably via inhibition of their metabolism.

Estrogens, lomitapide [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

Lomitapide is not expected to directly influence the efficacy of oestrogen based oral contraceptives; however diarrhoea and/or vomiting may reduce hormone absorption.

Estrogens, lorazepam [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

Possible inhibition of hepatic metabolism of lorazepam

Estrogens, lymecycline

Antibiotic may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.

Estrogens, melatonin [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

Caution should be exercised in patients on oestrogens (e.g. contraceptive or hormone replacement therapy), which increase melatonin levels by inhibiting its metabolism by CYP1A1 and CYP1A2.

Estrogens, mephenytoin

Increased hydantoin plasma levels

Estrogens, meprobamate ---> SmPC of [estradiol] of eMC

The metabolism of estrogens and progestagens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Estrogens, metformin

Decreased hypoglycemic effect

Estrogens, methyldopa

Oestrogens antagonise the hypotensive effect.

Estrogens, methylprednisolone

Increased glucocorticoid effect

Estrogens, metoprolol

Concurrent use of oestrogens and betablockers may decrease the antihypertensive effect of betablockers because oestrogen-induced fluid retention may lead to increased blood pressure.

Estrogens, minocycline

Antibiotic may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.

Estrogens, modafinil [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

The effectiveness of steroidal contraceptives may be impaired due to induction of CYP3A4/5 by modafinil. Alternative or concomitant methods of contraception are recommended for patients treated with modafinil.

Estrogens, nelfinavir ---> SmPC of [estradiol] of eMC

Ritonavir and nelfinavir, although known as strong inhibitors, by contrast exhibit inducing properties when used concomitantly with steroid hormones.

Estrogens, neomycin

Antibiotic may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.

Estrogens, nevirapine ---> SmPC of [estradiol] of eMC

The metabolism of oestrogens and progestagens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Estrogens, nitrofurantoin

Nitrofurantoin may affect the gut flora, leading to lower oestrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of oestrogen-containing contraceptive products.

Estrogens, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ---> SmPC of [norelgestromin/ethinylestradiol] of EMA

When co-administered with CHCs, many combinations of HIV protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, including combinations with HCV inhibitors can increase or decrease plasma concentrations of estrogen or progestins.

Estrogens, oral antidiabetics

The hypoglycaemic effect may be reduced

Estrogens, ospemifene [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

The safety of using ospemifene concomitantly with oestrogens or other SERMS has not been studied and its concurrent use is not recommended.

Estrogens, oxazepam

Concurrent use of oxazepam and oestrogen-containing contraceptives may cause a decrease in plasma levels of oxazepam

Estrogens, penicillin G

Antibiotic may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.

Estrogens, penicillins

Antibiotic may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of oral contraceptives.

Estrogens, phenobarbital ---> SmPC of [estradiol] of eMC

The metabolism of estrogens and progestagens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Estrogens, phenylbutazone ---> SmPC of [estradiol] of eMC

The metabolism of estrogens and progestagens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Estrogens, phenytoin

Oestrogens may increase phenytoin serum levels. Phenytoin may reduce the effect of oestrogens

Estrogens, pioglitazone/glimepiride [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

Weakening of the blood-glucose-lowering effect and, thus raised blood glucose levels may occur

Estrogens, prazosin

The co-administration may decrease the hypotensive effect

Estrogens, prednisolone [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

Oestrogens increase plasma concentrations of corticosteroids.

Estrogens, prednisone [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

May enhance the efficacy of glucocorticoids.

Estrogens, pregnancy

It is not indicated during pregnancy.

Estrogens, protease inhibitors ---> SmPC of [norelgestromin/ethinylestradiol] of EMA

When co-administered with CHCs, many combinations of HIV protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, including combinations with HCV inhibitors can increase or decrease plasma concentrations of estrogen or progestins.

Estrogens, protirelin

Enhancement of TSH-increase

Estrogens, repaglinide [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

Co-administration of cimetidine, nifedipine, oestrogen, or simvastatin with repaglinide, all CYP3A4 substrates, did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetic parameters of repaglinide.

Estrogens, rifabutin ---> SmPC of [estradiol] of eMC

The metabolism of estrogens and progestagens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Estrogens, rifamicyn

The metabolism of estrogens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Estrogens, rifampicin ---> SmPC of [estradiol] of eMC

The metabolism of estrogens and progestagens may be increased by concomitant use of substances known to induce drug-metabolising enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes

Estrogens, rifaximin

Rifaximin may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.

Estrogens, ritonavir ---> SmPC of [estradiol] of eMC

Ritonavir and nelfinavir, although known as strong inhibitors, by contrast exhibit inducing properties when used concomitantly with steroid hormones.

Estrogens, ropinirole [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

Increased plasma concentrations of ropinirole have been observed in patients treated with high doses of oestrogens.

Estrogens, saquinavir/ritonavir ---> SmPC of [saquinavir] of EMA

Alternative or additional contraceptive measures should be used when oestrogen-based oral contraceptives are co-administered.

Estrogens, secretin

Decreased secretin effect

Estrogens, somapacitan [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

In women on oral oestrogen therapy, a higher dose of somapacitan may be required to achieve the treatment goal

Estrogens, somatropin [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

In women taking oral oestrogens, a higher dose of somatropin may be required to achieve the treatment goal

Estrogens, St. John's wort ---> SmPC of [estradiol] of eMC

Herbal preparations containing Hypericum perforatum may induce the metabolism of estrogens and progestagens. Clinically, an increased metabolism of estrogens and progestagens may lead to decreased effects and changes in the uterine bleeding profile.

Estrogens, strong CYP3A4 inductors

The strong CYP3A4 induction may decrease the plasma concentrations of estrogen and therefore decrease the contraceptive effect

Estrogens, strong CYP3A4 inhibitors ---> SmPC of [conjugated oestrogens/bazedoxifene] of EMA

Inhibitors of CYP3A4 may increase plasma concentrations of oestrogens and may result in adverse reactions.

Estrogens, succinylcholine [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

The decrease in the normal plasma cholinesterase activity may prolong the neuromuscular blocking effects of suxamethonium

Estrogens, sugammadex [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

The administration of a bolus dose of sugammadex is considered to be equivalent to one missed daily dose of oral contraceptive steroids (either combined or progestogen only).

Estrogens, sulfonylureas

Weakening of the blood-glucose-lowering effect and, thus raised blood glucose levels may occur

Estrogens, suxamethonium [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

The decrease in the normal plasma cholinesterase activity may prolong the neuromuscular blocking effects of suxamethonium

Estrogens, tacrolimus [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of EMA

As tacrolimus may reduce the clearance of steroid-based contraceptives leading to increased hormone exposure, particular care should be exercised when deciding upon contraceptive measures.

Estrogens, tamoxifen [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

Hormone preparations, particularly oestrogens (e.g. oral contraceptives) should not be combined with tamoxifen because a mutual decrease in effect is possible.

Estrogens, telaprevir

Patients using oestrogens as hormone replacement therapy should be clinically monitored for signs of oestrogen deficiency.

Estrogens, terazosine [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

Estrogens may reduce the antihypertensive effect of terazosin.

Estrogens, tetracyclines

Antibiotic may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.

Estrogens, theophylline

This may lead to a plasma increase of the theophylline up to toxic levels.

Estrogens, thiazides

Oestrogens may antagonise the diuretic effect of thiazides.

Estrogens, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid

Antibiotic may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of oral contraceptives.

Estrogens, tipranavir

Decreased plasma concentrations of estrogen. Concomitant use not recommended

Estrogens, tipranavir/ritonavir ---> SmPC of [tipranavir] of EMA

Decreased plasma concentrations of estrogen. Concomitant use not recommended

Estrogens, tranexamic acid

There is a potential risk of thrombus formation with estrogens

Estrogens, triamcinolone acetonide

Oestrogens, including oral contraceptives may increase corticosteroid half-life and concentration and decrease clearance

Estrogens, triamcinolone [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

Oestrogens, including oral contraceptives may increase corticosteroid half-life and concentration and decrease clearance

Estrogens, triamterene

Effects of diuretics are antagonized by oestrogens

Estrogens, tricyclic antidepressant ---> SmPC of [estramustine] of eMC

Oestrogens have been reported to increase both therapeutic activity and toxicity of tricyclic antidepressants, probably via inhibition of their metabolism.

Estrogens, triiodthyronine

Estrogen may increase the requirements for liothyronine

Estrogens, triptorelin

When triptorelin is co-administered with drugs affecting pituitary secretion of gonadotropins, caution should be exercised and it is recommended that the patient's hormonal status be supervised.

Estrogens, ursodeoxycholic acid [2] ---> SmPC of [2] of eMC

Oestrogenic hormones may increase biliary lithiasis, which is a counter -effect to ursodeoxycholic acid used for dissolution of gallstones.

Estrogens, ziprasidone

The co-administration of ziprasidone didn't cause any significant changes in the pharmacokinetic of estrogens