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Taseftit n wemyag:
Afad ad nessemres amyag di twinest, iqqan a tnessefti deg kra n wakud n wakuden n tseftit.
1. Akuden n tseftit:
Akuden igejdanen ideg nesseftay amyag d wigi : izri*, urmir*, urmir ussid*, imal* d wanaḍ*.
== Izri (passé) : nesseftay amayag deg yezri akken a d-nessken kra n tigawt neɣ n waddad iɛeddan (yezrin).
amedya : yuli, tusa_d, werriɣit, teqqurḍ, ...
== urmir (aoriste): ur yettusseqdac ara aṭas weḥd-s, yettusseqdac di tigti s tzelɣa n yimal "a/ad". Ma yella iwul nnes nessmrast di kra isuka am wi:
- wan yiran ad yečč, yečč.
- ali s axxam, tessiwled aɣ d.
- a k-yeḥrez Rebbi, yeḥrez-ak tarwa-k.
- melmi nekfa azway uzemmur, ini nelqeḍt, nesmunt d igedduden, ini nawi-t ɣer tasirt neẓẓeḍt.
- i tefkem-as imiqq n lqut!
- qqimat ar asekka, teddum.
== urmir ussid (aoriste intensif): nesseftay amyag deg wurmir ussid akken a d-nessken s umata :
- tigawt neɣ addad yellan imira:
atan yettmeslay d gma-s.
anda-ten iceṭṭiḍen-iw? La ttkawen.
- Tigawt d-yettɛawaden ku yass:
tafuyt tettali d seg usamer.
s tasift i d-itekk yal ass.
- ṣṣifa (adjectif) yellan di kra n tɣawsa:
anners yettɣar belxef.
== imal (Futur): nessemras it s umata akken a d nessken ayen ara yilin ɣer zdat. (imal = ad/a + urmir).
Amedya: tameddit-a ad jbuɣ ɣur-s, ...
anaḍ : nesseqdac s umata anaḍ akken a nmud tasunḍa (ordre) neɣ lewṣaya.
Amedya: awi-t yid-k!, xdem tid lɛali a tent-tafeḍ, ...
2. Imattaren udmawanen:
Imattaren udmawanen mgarraden ger yemyagen imugna d wid n tɣara.
Tamawt : " - " : afeggag n wemyag.
a. Imyagen imugna
Amattar n wudem wis tlata amalay (i/y(e)) yettwaru i, y, ye ɛla ḥsab ufeggag n wemyag deg wakud ideg nesseftay amyag-agi:
- Ma yella ufeggag ibeddu s
yiwet n tergalt, teḍfer-itt-id teɣri, yettwaru "i":
amedya: inuda, ad inadi,
iteddu, ...
- Ma yella ufeggag ibeddu s
snat n tergalin, yettwaru "ye":
amedya: yedda, ad yeddu,
yettawi, ...
- Ma yella ufeggag ibeddu s
teɣri, yettwaru "y":
amedya: yuzzel, ad yawi,
yurja, ...
b. Imyagen n tɣara
Anagar (sauf) deg yezri*,
imattaren udmawanen* i nesseqdac i yemyagen n tɣara* am wid n yemyagen imugna*.
Deg yezri, imayagen n tɣara darsn imattaren-nsen iwulawn-nsen.
Tamawt: " - ": afeggag n wemyag
2.3. Kra imedyaten n tseftit
Aṭas imedyaten n tseftit i yellan (wali KNZ1) ; yal amyag yeṭṭafar amedya ilmend n tuddsa-ines. A-ten-iyi kra seg imedyaten (d tigrummiwin (ensembles) n yemyagen yeṭṭafaren yiwet n tseftit* di yakk akuden) :
Imyagen imugna:
- krez, kref, kmes, slef, zlef, kres, ...
- fru, knu, bru, zlu, mḥu, dhu, glu, nwu, ...
- aru, agi, azu, ali, aki, ...
- anez, aker, ader, ...
Imyagen n tɣara:
- imlul, iwriɣ, ibrik, ifsus, ixfif, imẓi, iɣzif, ...
- aẓay, ajfay, ...
ha-tt-aya seddaw tseftit n kra imedyaten i d-nefka.
a ) Izri (passé):
b) Imal (= ad/a + urmir)
c) Urmir ussid (aoriste intensif):
Urmir ussid yettwasuddus s waṭas n tarrayin :
- s tmerniwt n "tt" neɣ "t" (awi/ttawi, ddu/iteddu, ...),
- s tussda n yiwet seg tergalin (krez/kerrez, ẓer/ẓerr, ...),
- s ubeddel n teɣra (ssken/sskan, ...),
- s wesdukel n tlata tarrayin yezrin (mel/mmal, ...)
d) Anaḍ (impératif ):
2.4. Akuden iḥerfiyen* nniḍen
Anagar akuden igejdanen i d-nuder yakan, llan wakuden nniḍen yellan d isnawiyen (secondaires) am: imal ussid* d wanaḍ ussid*.
imal ussid (ad/a+urmir ussid):
amedya: a d-yettas akka d asawen, ...
anaḍ ussid:
amedya: ttawi-t-id ad iwali, mmalet-as ad yissin, ...
2.5. Akuden uddisen (s tɣawla, wali KNZ):
Akuden i neẓra ar tura d akuden iḥerfiyen, nesseqdac yiwen wemyag i wakken a d-nessken tigawt neɣ addad yellan. Llan di tmaziɣt kra n yemyagen nniḍen I wumi neqqar : imyagen inallalen* i nesseqdac ugar zdat n yemyagen i wakken a d-nessken tigawt neɣ taɣara yellan deg wakuden nniḍen (yemgarraden ɣef wakuden iḥerfiyen). Imyagen-agi inallalen d wi: ili, aɣ (lḥal).
Akud uddis yemmal-d tigawt neɣ taɣara yellan weqbel tin yellan deg wakud aḥerfi.
Bac akken, amedya, a d-nesken belli teḍra tigawt A weqbel tigawt B (ama deg yezri, deg wurmir neɣ deg yimal) ilaq ad nessqdec akud ussid.
amedya:
tigawt A: yekfa ccɣel-is.
tigawt B: yekcem s axxam
mi i yekcem s axxam yella (yuɣ lḥal) yekfa ccɣel-is
mi ara ad yekcem s axxam ad yili (a t-yaɣ lḥal) yekfa ccɣel-is
mi i ikeccem s axxam yettili yekfa ccɣel-is
imedyaten nniḍen:
mi d-usiɣ yuɣ lḥal yečča,
tella teṭṭes mi d-kecmeɣ,
yettili yeqqar melmi d-tettuɣal s axxam,
ad yili yuli lawan-a, ...
2.6. Tilawt d tibawt
Amyag melmi t-nessefti, ifetti ama s talɣa tilawt ama s talɣa tibawt. Nesseftay-it s talɣa tilawt melmi i yella wayen i d-nettmeslay
amedya: yuki, mellul, a nwali, ...
Nesseftay amyag s talɣa tibawt melmi nebɣa a d-nessken belli tigawt neɣ taɣara iɣef d-nettmeslay ur telli ara.
amedya: ur yuki ara, ur mellul ara, ur nettwali ara, ...
Akken i nwala deg umedya-yagi aneggaru, i waken a d-nessken tibawt, nesseqdac tazelɣa "ur...ara", tikkwal "ur" weḥd-s akken ad yixfif umeslay.
amedya: ur ẓriɣ s anda yerra, ur-qerriḥ ur merriɣ, ...
Imedyaten n tesftit di talɣa tibawt (amyag krez):
S umata, nesseqdac di talɣa tibawt amyag akken yella di talɣa tilawt, nrennu-yas "ur...ara". Maca deg yezri llan kra n yemyagen am : krez, ger, ffer, uqem, afeg, azzel, sew, efk, ɣeẓẓ, eg, rnu, usu, li, ɣni, idir, issin, ini, af, aru, ... (wali KNZ) d wid i ten-yecban ; imyagen-agi tettbeddil cwiṭ talɣa-nsen, s ukeččum n teɣri "i".
amedya : yekrez ur yekriz ara, iger ur igir ara, yeffer ur yeffir ara, yuqem ur yuqim ara, yufeg ur yufig ara, yuzzel ur yuzzil ara, yeswa ur yeswi ara, yefka ur yefki ara, iɣeÉẓẓa ur iɣeẓẓi ara, iga ur igi ara, yerna ur yerni ara, yusu ur yusi ara, ila ur ili ara, yeɣna ur yeɣni ara, yedder ur yeddir ara, yessen ur yessin ara, yenna ur yenni ara, yufa ur yufi ara, yura ur yuri ara, ...
Ma yella ɣef wakuden nniḍen :
- Deg yimal (=ad/a+urmir) ibaw nesseqdac talɣa n wurmir ussid ilaw.
amedya : ad yawi ur yettawi ara.
- Deg wurmir ussid ibaw, nesseqdac talɣa n wurmir ussid ilaw.
amedya : yettawi ur yettawi ara.
- Deg wanaḍ ibaw nesseqdac talɣa n wanaḍ ussid ilaw.
amedya: awi ur ttawi ara.
Tamawt : melmi tkeffu telɣa tamyagant s teɣri, ikeččem-d deg umeslay wezgen-aɣri "w/y", i wakken a d-yezg ger teɣri-yagi d teɣri "a" n "ara". Dacu kan di tira, ur nettaru ara azgen-aɣri-agi.
amedya: neqqar deg umeslay : [ur yečči wara] neɣ daɣen [ur yečči yara], di tira nettaru-t : ur yečči ara.
Ugar tizelɣiwin "ur...ara", nesseqdac daɣen i wakken a d-nessken tibawt, tazelɣa "a wer". Nessexdam-itt s umata melmi ur nebɣi ara ad teḍru kra n taluft (d asirem, d amenni neɣ d ddeɛwa).
amedya: a wer idiren di tmara, a wer tawḍem, a wer teẓreḍ ass amellal, ...
Ayen i ilaqen ad t-nissin:
✓ talɣa tamezwarut(teḥerfit) n wemyag di tmaziɣt tettili am akken ad nessuter abɛeḍ ad yexdem kra n taɣawsa neɣ ad yaɣ kra n ṣṣifa neɣ ad kra n waddad: M.D: ečč, xdem, zlu, gzem
iwriɣ, qqar, bzeg, kkernenni, lluɣẓem,
✓ talɣa n yimal tettili s tmerniwt n tzelɣa"ad"i talɣa n wurmir aḥerfi M.D: ad+y+ečč, ad+ čč+eɣ, ad+t+ečč,
✓ Akken ad nissin amek ara nessefti amyag deg wurmir ussid ad nerr amyag yellan di talɣa taḥerfit ɣer talɣa n tannumi, am akken ara tettwixdem tigawt-nni yal ass.
✓ Urmir ussid yettwasuddus s waṭas n tarrayin :
- s tmerniwt n "tt" neɣ "t" (awi/ttawi, ddu/iteddu, ...),
- s tussda n yiwet seg tergalin (krez/kerrez, ẓer/ẓerr, ...),
- s ubeddel n teɣra (ssken/sskan, ...),
- s wesdukel n tlata tarrayin yezrin (mel/mmal, ...)
M.D: ali(urmir aḥerfi) => ttali(yal ass), iwriɣ(urmir aḥerfi) =>ttiwriɣ(yal ass), tnu(urmir aḥerfi) =>tennu(yal ass), fru(urmir aḥerfi) =>ferru(yal ass),
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