Estonia

Estonia is a small country located in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea to the west, Russia to the east, and Latvia to the south. The official language is Estonian, which is one of the few languages in the world that uses the Latin alphabet with diacritics.

Estonia has a rich history that dates back to the Middle Ages. The country was once a part of the Hanseatic League, a powerful alliance of trading cities that dominated Northern Europe. Estonia has also been ruled by the Danes, Swedes, and Russians throughout its history. Despite this, Estonia has managed to maintain a unique cultural identity that is reflected in its traditions, language, and music.

The capital city of Estonia is Tallinn, a charming medieval city that is known for its well-preserved Old Town. Tallinn is also a hub for technology, and many startups and tech companies have been established in the city in recent years.

The main territories of Estonia are divided into 15 counties, each with its unique culture and history. Some of the most notable regions include Saaremaa, a large island that is known for its stunning landscapes and unique culture, and Tartu, the second-largest city in Estonia and home to the country's oldest and most prestigious university.

When it comes to Estonian cuisine, there are several dishes that are must-try for any visitor. Firstly, black bread, a staple in Estonian cuisine that is made with a sourdough base and various grains. Secondly, mulgipuder, a comforting dish made with mashed potatoes, pork, and root vegetables. Finally, kama, a type of flour made from grains that are roasted and ground into a fine powder, and is typically mixed with milk or yogurt to make a sweet or savory snack.

In addition to its rich cultural heritage, Estonia is also known for its beautiful cities and natural scenery. The capital, Tallinn, is a popular destination for tourists who want to experience the city's well-preserved medieval architecture and cobblestone streets. Other cities worth visiting include Tartu, Pärnu, and Narva. Estonia is also home to the Baltic Sea, which provides a beautiful backdrop for beaches and coastal towns.

In conclusion, Estonia is a country with a rich cultural heritage and unique traditions. From its stunning landscapes and charming medieval cities to its delicious cuisine and Baltic Sea coastline, Estonia is a country that offers visitors a unique and unforgettable experience. Whether you are interested in history, culture, or nature, there is something for everyone in Estonia.

Activity 1: Read the text and answer the questions: 

1. What is the official language of Estonia, and what is unique about it?

2. Which city is the capital of Estonia, and what is it known for?

3. What are some of the main territories of Estonia, and what makes them unique?

4. What are three must-try dishes in Estonian cuisine?

5. What are some of the other cities in Estonia that are worth visiting, besides the capital?

6. What is the Baltic Sea, and why is it significant to Estonia's natural scenery?

Activity 2. Match the words with the correct definitions:

1. Alliance

2. Rule

3. Throughout

4. Notable

5. Cobblestone street

A. A type of street surface made up of small, round stones.

B. A group of countries, political parties, or people who have joined together for a common purpose.

C. The act of governing or controlling a country, organization, or group of people.

D. Occurring in every part or aspect of something; from beginning to end.

E. Worthy of attention or notice; remarkable or important.

Activity 3: Further reading - Go online and find interesting things about Estonia in order to answer these questions:

Trivia questions about Estonia: 

1. Which Estonian writer won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1977?

2. What is the name of the Estonian military force, and when was it established?

3. Which famous composer's music is celebrated at the annual Arvo Pärt Festival in Estonia?

4. What is the name of Estonia's largest island, and what is it known for?

5. What is the name of the medieval fortress in the town of Narva, which is considered the country's most eastern point?

6. What is the name of the annual music festival that takes place in the small town of Viljandi and celebrates traditional Estonian folk music?

7. What is the name of the famous Estonian film director who won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 2007?

8. What is the name of the largest lake in Estonia, and where is it located?

9. What is the name of the famous Estonian composer who wrote the music for the ballet "Swan Lake"?

10. Which Estonian singer represented the country in the 2019 Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Storm"?