A common complaint I often hear from teachers is the lack of student motivation. Could a teacher truly have an impact of student motivation? Psychologist Carol Dweck would say, "absolutely yes!" Dr. Dweck is the first researcher to explore the outcomes of a fixed versus growth mindset. While the constructs of school establish the mindset of students over time and years, teachers do have the ability to help shift a student's mindset which in turn does impact motivation. Look at the inforgraphic below for a comparison of growth vs fixed mindset (https://www.mindsethealth.com/matter/growth-vs-fixed-mindset ).
When a teacher designs their classroom acknowledging that all students have the ability to master concepts and the flexibility that allows each student to show mastery, the teacher provides an avenue for growth/mastery mindset. It is important for the teacher to focus on encouraging hard work and growth of each student. Embracing the word "yet" is a great start to encouraging students to shift their perspective to growth/mastery. As we have seen recently in our world, being able to embrace challenges believing you have the ability to learn is essential. Students should view challenges as an opportunity for their brain to work and get stronger.
Researched Based Strategies Used with Students for a Growth and Mastery Mindset in the Online Classroom
Feedback on Growth & Effort
Instead of focusing on student intelligence, teachers should focus feedback on where they started and how they are accomplishing the goal of where they need to be. In addition, there should be a tone of confidence that the student will master the concept. This belief will instill the worthwhile benefit of continuing to work to meet the goal.
Focus on Learning Being the Ultimate Goal
While this is not an easy mindset to instill, if students will focus more on learning and less on a specific letter grade I think they will fair much better. When students focus on the process of learning and mastering a concept, then they don't just get to a point and move forward. This also instills the value of being a life-long learner as no matter our age there are new things to learn and new challenges to overcome.
Provide Examples of Failures as Temporary Setbacks
Students need to see that some of the most influential people (scientists, world leaders, millionaires, etc), have had to overcome great setbacks. However, they did not stop in the face of setbacks but continued pressing on with determination. Bringing these examples in to classroom discussions and lessons can help to highlight the benefits of facing challenges and not giving up.
Feedback on Growth & Effort
I am focusing my communication on the student's hard work and perseverance to continue to work through challenges. My goal is to motivate the student by showing that they have the ability to control the overall outcome of the course by the time and effort that they put in.
In looking at Thomas' progress, I saw he had a low average. In looking at the specifics of his grade, I noticed that he was submitting all of his assignments and scoring well on most, but his lab grades were all very low. In looking at the feedback left by the instructor I noticed that he consistently missed portions of the required lab report.
I emailed with his content instructor to ensure that I was reading the feedback correctly and could communicate an appropriate tool to help Thomas moving forward. After talking with the content instructor, I talked to Thomas on the phone. We talked through looking ahead on his schedule for labs to ensure that he has enough time to secure the lab supplies and conduct the experiment. We also discussed the importance of filling in every section of the lab report.
Following our phone call, I sent a follow-up email with a lab template that he should use every time conducting a lab to ensure he doesn't forget a section. After a couple of weeks I checked in on his progress and was happy to see that his lab grades improved resulting in his overall average improving since labs are a large portion of his science grade.
Bella emailed me to share her struggle in writing the lengthy writing portions of the AP course. I looked for additional resources the content teacher had posted on help in writing DBQs. I also looped in the content instructor for guided notes and helped to begin a conversation between the content instructor and the student. By being a conduit of communication, I help the instructor know where the student is coming from and how the student is working. This allowed for the content instructor to better support the student. Many times, I can help create a dialogue between the content instructor and the student which is co-planning and providing areas for growth for the student.
Focus on Learning Being the Ultimate Goal
In order to focus on learning being the ultimate goal, some students need to set small attainable goals. I work with some teachers that provide opportunities to continue to learn and master the standards. Without having control of my own classroom, I have to work within the constraints placed on students of the content teacher. I look for ways to encourage the student to take advantage of additional learning opportunities provided by the content teacher.
When there is an opportunity, I encourage the student to complete missed work instead of taking the assigned zero. I would rather them complete the assignment and have an earned grade rather than merely follow the prescribed deadline at all costs. I usually offer these chances to go back and submit missed assignments nearer to the end of the semester at one of the holiday breaks (Thanksgiving and Spring Break). This way, the student is not getting behind on currently due assignments and it provides them motivation to continue making progress as the semester draws to a close.
In order to encourage growth from my role as a non-content instructor, I work with students to ensure they are taking advantage of all opportunities afforded to them (especially if they are struggling). I want them first to complete the required assignment. Without my assistance, the way our organization's policies work is if an assignment is more than 10 days late the student does not have the opportunity to complete the assignment and must move on. I believe that when possible, to be flexible and allow the student to complete these missing assignments. I have to work with the student and the content teacher to make a plan to allow for completion of these missing assignments. This is outlined in an example email that I included to Harrison. This is actually much of my role. I encourage teachers to allow for this work to be completed, pointing to the importance of learning and mastering the standards over making the student move on because they missed a deadline. While deadlines are important and there is a limit, when it is reasonable I have to advocate for this opportunity for students.
In addition, near the end of the semester; many students miss the extra learning opportunities (or do not want to take the time to complete them). This is a chance to earn additional points for assignments that they did poorly on the first time around. By communicating with students and making a plan with them, I am encouraging them to go back and revisit the material in order to gain mastery. Included are example emails titled "Final Count Down".
References:
Finley, K. (2018, December 27). 4 Ways to Encourage a Growth Mindset in the Classroom. EdSurge. Retrieved April 5, 2022, from https://www.edsurge.com/news/2014-10-24-4-ways-to-encourage-a-growth-mindset-in-the-classroom
Guido, M. (2016, December 22). 10 Ways Teachers Can Instill a Growth Mindset in Students. Prodigy Education. Retrieved April 5, 2022, from https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/blog/growth-mindset-in-students/
School of Education - American University. (2020, December 10). How to Foster a Growth Mindset in the Classroom. American University School of Education. Retrieved April 11, 2022, from https://soeonline.american.edu/blog/growth-mindset-in-the-classroom
Smith, J. (2020, September 25). Growth Mindset vs Fixed Mindset: How what you think affects what you achieve. Mindset Health. Retrieved April 5, 2022, from https://www.mindsethealth.com/matter/growth-vs-fixed-mindset