Understandings:

• Initiation of translation involves assembly of components that carry out the process
• Synthesis of polypeptide involves a repeated cycle of events
• Disassembly of the components follows termination of translation
• Free ribosomes synthesise proteins for use primarily within the cell
• Bound ribosomes synthesise proteins primarily for secretion or for use in lysosomes
• Translation can occur immediately after transcription in prokaryotes due to absence of a nuclear membrane
• The sequence and number of amino acids in the polypeptide is the primary structure
• The secondary structure is the formation of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonding
• The tertiary structure is the further folding of the polypeptide stabilized by interactions between R groups
• The quaternary exists in proteins with more than one polypeptide chain