Neurobiology is the branch of biology that deals with nervous system functions and structures. More specifically, neurobiology focuses on the cells and tissues of the nervous system and ways in which they can form structures and circuits (pathways) for controlling the body. This system includes common structures, such as the brain and spinal cord, and nerves.

Neurobiology can be classified as a sub-discipline within the broader field of physiology. It is relatively broad as a scientific field, and can be applied to multiple organism types, including humans, vertebrate animals (animals with backbones), and invertebrates (animals without backbones).

The term 'neurobiology' is often used as a substitute for neuroscience, but the key distinction is that neurobiology is often limited to just the biological aspect of this system, and not the interdisciplinary aspects that we see in neuroscience.

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