Common Name: Black nightshade
Vernacular Name: മണിത്തക്കാളി
Systematic position:
Class- Magnoliopsida
Subclass- Asteridae
Order- Solanales
Family- Solanaceae
Genus- Solanum
Species- S. nigrum
Description: It is a common herb or short lived perennial shrub, found in many wooded areas, as well as disturbed habitats. It reaches a height of 30 to 120cm. It is difficult to grow under the condition of high temperature and high humidity, its suitable pH is between 5.5 and 6.5. The plant grows slowly, the tender shoot is easy to ageing fiber, and the commodity is poor.
Flowering and Fruiting: December to March.
Economic Importance: S. nigrum has been widely used as a food. It is an important ingredient in traditional Indian medicines. Infusions are used in dysentery, stomach complaints, and fever. It is widely used plant in oriental medicine where it is considered to be anti-tumorigenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, diuretic, and antipyretic. Sometimes S. nigrum is confused for the more toxic deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) which is in a different genus within Solanaceae. The solanine level in S.nigrum have been tested, and the plant is rarely fatal. The toxins in S. nigrum are most concentrated in the unripe green berries, and immature fruit should be treated as toxic.
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_nigrum