🔥 Chapter 6: Control and Coordination

🎯 Class 10 Science Best Notes (With Hindi Explanation)

🧠 1. What is Control and Coordination?

Control and Coordination is the process by which organisms respond to stimuli and maintain harmony between different body parts.
👉 Hindi: Control aur coordination ek aisa process hai jisme sharir ke alag-alag parts stimuli (bahari asar) ka response dete hain aur ek saath kaam karte hain.

🧬 2. Coordination in Animals

🧪 Animals use two systems for coordination:
🔹 Nervous System
🔹 Endocrine System (Hormonal System)

⚡ 3. Nervous System

It consists of:
✅ Brain
✅ Spinal Cord
✅ Nerves

🔹 Neuron: Structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
👉 Hindi: Nervous system ka basic unit neuron hota hai.

📊 4. Parts of Human Brain

🧠 Forebrain – Thinking, intelligence, memory
🧠 Midbrain – Vision and hearing
🧠 Hindbrain – Balance, posture, involuntary activities

🕹️ 5. Reflex Action

Automatic and quick response to a stimulus.
🔹 Example: Touching a hot object
👉 Hindi: Jab hum bina soche kisi cheez ka turant response dete hain, jaise garam cheez chhoone par haath hata lena.

🧪 6. Coordination in Plants

🌱 Plants use hormones called Phytohormones to coordinate.
🔹 Types of Plant Hormones:

1. Auxin – Cell growth
   
   

2. Gibberellin – Stem elongation
   
   

3. Cytokinin – Cell division
   
   

4. Abscisic Acid – Dormancy and falling of leaves
   
   

5. Ethylene – Fruit ripening
   
   

💉 7. Hormones in Humans

Produced by endocrine glands and secreted directly into the blood.
🔹 Important Human Hormones:

Hormone

Gland

Function

Insulin

Pancreas

Controls blood sugar level

Adrenaline

Adrenal gland

Emergency hormone

Thyroxine

Thyroid

Metabolism regulation

Growth Hormone

Pituitary

Growth of the body

Testosterone

Testes

Male sex hormone

Estrogen

Ovaries

Female sex hormone

👉 Hindi: Hormones chemical substances hote hain jo blood ke through pure sharir mein signals bhejte hain.

📘 Important Questions for Practice — With Answers

✅ 1 Mark Questions

1. What is a neuron?
   👉 Neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
   
   

2. Name the hormone responsible for fruit ripening.
   👉 Ethylene
   
   

3. What is reflex action?
   👉 Reflex action is an automatic, quick response to a stimulus.
   
   

✅ 2 Mark Questions

1. What is the role of the brain in reflex action?
   👉 The brain is not involved in reflex action. It is controlled by the spinal cord.
   
   

2. Write two differences between nervous and hormonal control.
   | Nervous Control | Hormonal Control | |---------------------------|------------------------------| | Fast and short-lived | Slow and long-lasting | | Electrical signals | Chemical messengers |
   
   

✅ 3 Mark Questions

1. Explain the three parts of the human brain with functions.
   👉
   
   

• Forebrain: Thinking, memory, intelligence
  
  

• Midbrain: Controls sight and hearing
  
  

• Hindbrain: Controls balance and involuntary actions
  
  

2. What are plant hormones? Write functions of any two.
   👉
   Plant hormones are chemicals that control growth and responses in plants.
   
   

• Auxin: Helps in cell growth.
  
  

• Abscisic Acid: Causes leaves to fall and induces dormancy.
  
  

✅ 5 Mark Questions

1. Explain the structure and function of neuron with diagram.
   👉
   
   

• Structure: A neuron has dendrites, cell body, axon, and axon terminals.
  
  

• Function: It receives and transmits electrical impulses.
  (Diagram banao exam mein — easy bana lena.)
  
  

2. Write differences between nervous system and hormonal system. Also mention organs involved.
   | Nervous System | Hormonal System | |-----------------------|------------------------------| | Brain, spinal cord | Endocrine glands | | Fast, short-lived | Slow, long-lasting | | Uses electrical signals | Uses chemical signals |