Cempedak

A. Taxonomical Info

Domain: Eukarya

Kingdom: Plantae

Phylum: Spermatophyta

Class: Dicotyledonae

Order: Rosales

Family: Moraceae

Genus: Artocarpus

Species: Artocarpus integer

B. Morphological / Distribution / Habitat Info

Morphology
Cempedak is a medium to large evergreen tree that can grow up to 20 meters tall. The trunk produces sticky white latex when cut, and the leaves are simple, glossy, and dark green. The fruit is large and cylindrical, with a greenish-yellow rind that becomes soft and fragrant when ripe. Inside, the yellow-orange edible arils are sweet and aromatic, surrounding large brown seeds.

Distribution
The species is native to Southeast Asia especially Malaysia, Indonesia, and southern Thailand and is widely cultivated throughout tropical regions for its edible fruit. It has also been introduced to parts of the Pacific Islands.

Habitat Info
Cempedak thrives in tropical lowlands with high rainfall and deep, fertile soils. It prefers warm, humid climates and does not tolerate drought or cold temperatures. It is often found near villages, forest edges, or home gardens.

C. Traditional Uses / TK-related Info

▪ Food 

The ripe fruit pulp (arils) is known for its sweet, fragrant, and unique flavor. A very popular preparation is cempedak goreng, where the pulp is dipped in a batter (often made of rice flour, cornflour, and sometimes egg) and deep-fried to create crispy, sweet fritters, a favorite street food snack. The seeds are also edible and nutritious, containing protein and minerals, are typically consumed after being boiled, roasted, or grilled, offering a flavor similar to water chestnuts. Unripe fruits can be cooked as a vegetable, similar to how young jackfruit is prepared, typically by boiling, slicing, and adding them to curries or other dishes (StuartXchange, 2020).

▪ Medicinal 

The bark and leaves contain compounds that include flavonoids, which possess anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Traditionally, the latex found in the bark and leaves has been applied externally to treat conditions such as swelling and skin problems, including wounds and ulcers, to prevent infection. The bark may be used in poultices for painful extremities, and in some areas, root infusions have been used to treat fever. 

▪ Wood 

 The timber of the cempedak tree is highly regarded. It is known for being strong, durable, and resistant to insects (making it less susceptible to termite or borer damage). This quality makes it a valuable resource in the construction industry. Historically and currently, the wood is utilized for various purposes, including furniture making, decorative carvings, and boat building (JungleDragon, 2025)

▪Cultural significance 

The cempedak fruit holds significance in Malay culture, often appearing in proverbs, which are a cornerstone of traditional wisdom (peribahasa). The proverb "cempedak di luar pagar" symbolizes an appealing or sweet quality that is close by but is not easily obtainable due to a barrier (the fence) (Reddit, 2020). 

D. Any related scientific studies, such as ecology/ conservation status/threats/diversity

Studies have shown that Artocarpus integer contains high levels of antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids that contribute to its health benefits. Genetic diversity research shows variations in fruit size, taste, and color among local cultivars, important for breeding programs. Ecologically, cempedak trees support wildlife such as bats and birds that feed on the fruits and help with seed dispersal. The species is common and not currently under threat, categorized as Least Concern in regional flora lists.