In our second discussion, we focused on the rich tradition of Malay literature that incorporates elements of flora and fauna. We explored how writers and poets use plants and animals not only as decorative imagery but also as powerful symbols to convey cultural values, moral lessons, and human emotions. Through examples such as pantun, syair, and traditional folk tales, we saw how nature reflects the Malay community’s deep connection to the environment and its role in shaping identity and worldview. This discussion highlighted the importance of appreciating literary heritage while understanding the deeper meanings behind natural elements in classical Malay texts.