Richard Levy

BIOGRAPHY

Richard Levy is professor of neurology at Sorbonne University. He is heading the "Institute of Memory and Alzheimer 'disease (IM2A)” at la Salpetriere Hospital (Paris, France). IM2A is home to a memory clinic, a research unit for clincal trials and a neuro-psycho-behavioral unit for the management care of patients with behavioral problems at the crossroads of neurology and psychiatry. 

He is also leading the FRONTlab research team at the Paris Brain Institute (ICM). The lab objective is to better understand the processes and neural bases of goal-directed behavior in healthy human and in patients with damage to the frontal lobes.

Richard Levy has been trained in Pr Y. Agid and B. Dubois’ clinical and research teams. He has also been a research fellow in P.S. Goldman-Rakic’s lab at Yale (1994-1996) and he was the head of the neurological department at Saint-Antoine University hospital (from 2007 to 2015).

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Richard_Levy8

https://scholar.google.fr/citations?hl=fr&user=4wV6dmEAAAAJ

Research themes

Behavior, cognition and translation to clinic.

Main current research involvement at the FRONTlab: study of the neural bases of disorders of goal-directed behavior (i.e., apathy, dishinibition)  collected in a semi-ecological setting ( at lab) and in real -life situations (at home)

CONTACT

richard.levy@aphp.fr

A SELECTION OF PUBLICATIONS (over the career)

Original articles

Levy R (2023). The prefrontal cortex: from monkey to man. Brain awad389. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad389. Online ahead of print.

D. Messimeris, R. Levy, R. Le Bouc (2023). Economic and social values in the brain: evidence from lesions to the human ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Front. Neurol Vol 14 - 2023  DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1198262

A. Morin, A. Funkiewiez, A. Routier, R. Le Bouc, N. Borderies, D. Galanaud, R. Levy, M.  Pessiglione, B. Dubois, B. Eymard, C. Michon, A. Behin, P. Laforet , T. Stojkovic, C. Azuar (2022). Enlightening behavioral disturbances in Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 through neuropsychology and imaging correlations: insights from the frontal and temporal lobe functions. Brain Communications 4(3):fcac111. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac11

H. Morel, L. Bailly, C. Urbanczyk, D. Hervé, S. Berroir, R. Le Bouc, R. Levy, M. Meyer, C. Aloui, E. Tournier-Lasserve, G. Mathey (2023). Extension of the clinico-radiological spectrum of newly described end-truncating LAMB1 mutations. Neurology Genetics 9(3):e200069DOI: 10.1212/NXG.0000000000200069

 R. Le Bouc, N. Borderies, G. Carle, B. Batrancourt, L. Migliaccio, D. Bendetowicz, S. Bombois, E. Cognat, B. Garcin, A. Lacroux-Rametti, C. Robriquet, F. Vinckier, J. Daunizeau, C. Azuar, R. Levy, M. Pessiglione (2022). Effort aversion as a core mechanism of apathy in frontotemporal dementia. Brain  Feb 13;146(2):712-726. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac427.

D. Tanguy, A. Rametti-Lacroux, D. Saracino, I. Le Ber, V. Godefroy, X. Morandi, P. Jannin, R. Levy, B. Batrancourt, R. Migliaccio (2023). Behavioural disinhibition in frontotemporal dementia investigated within an ecological framework. Cortex Mar;160:152-166. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.11.013. Epub 2022 Dec 28.PMID: 36658040

 V. Godefroy, B. Batrancourt, S. Charron, A. Bouzigues, D. Bendetowicz, G. Carle, A. Rametti-Lacroux, S. Bombois, E. Cognat, R. Migliaccio, R. Levy (2022) Functional connectivity correlates of reduced goal-directed behaviors in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Brain Structure and Function doi: 10.1007/s00429-022-02519-5

D. Tanguy, B. Batrancourt, A. Estudillo-Romero, J.S.H. Baxter, I. Le Ber, A. Bouzigues, V. Godefroy, A. Funkiewiez, C. Chamayou, E. Volle, D. Saracino, A. Rametti-Lacroux, X. Morandi, P. Jannin, R. Levy, and R. Migliaccio, ECOCAPTURE study group (2022). An ecological approach to identify distinct neural correlates of disinhibition in frontotemporal dementia. Neuroimage: clinical. 35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103079

V. Godefroy, B. Batrancourt, S. Charron, A. Bouzigues, D. Bendetowicz, G. Carle, A. Rametti-Lacroux, S. Bombois, E. Cognat, R. Migliaccio, R. Levy (2022). Disentangling clinical profiles of apathy in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. J Alzh Dis doi: 10.3233/JAD-220370

 N. Vilain, V. Planche, R. Levy (2022). High-clearance anti-amyloid immunotherapies in Alzheimer’s disease. Part 1: meta-analysis and review of efficacy and safety data, and medico-economical aspects. Rev Neurol Dec;178(10):1011-1030. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.06.012. Epub 2022 Sep 29.

N. Vilain, V. Planche, R. Levy (2022). High clearance anti-amyloid antibodies in Alzheimer’s disease: part 2. Putative scenarios and timeline before approval, recommendations for use, implementation, and ethical considerations in France. Rev Neurol Dec;178(10):999-1010. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.08.002. Epub 2022 Nov 3.

C. Peltier, F.-X. Lejeune, L.G.T. Jorgensen, A. Rametti-Lacroux, D. Tanguy, V. Godefroy, D. Bendetowicz, G. Carle, E. Cognat, S. Bombois, R. Migliaccio, R. Levy, F. Marin, B. Batrancourt; ECOCAPTURE study group (2022). A temporal classification method based on behavior time series data in patients with behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia and apathy. J Neurosci Methods.376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109625

M. C. Sanches, F. Amzallag, B. Dubois, R. Levy, D. Q. Truong, M. Bikson, M. Teichmann, A. Valero-Cabré (2022). Evaluation of the effect of transcranial  Direct Current Stimulation on language impairments in the behavioral variant of Frontotemporal Dementia. Brain Communications 29;4(2):fcac050. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac050

M. Barberis, I. Poisson, V. Facque, S. Letrange, C. Prevost-Tarabon, S. Froelich, R. Levy, E. Mandonnet (2022). Group-level stability but individual variability of neurocognitive status after awake resections of right frontal IDH-mutated glioma. Scientific reports 12(1):6126. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08702-2.

D Tanguy, A Estudillo, J Baxter, A Bouzigues, V Godefroy, D Bendetowicz, A Rametti‐Lacroux, S Bombois, E Cognat, I Le Ber, R Levy, X Morandi, B Batrancourt, P Jannin, R Migliaccio (2021) Grey and white matter correlates of behavioural disinhibition assessed under semi‐ecological conditions in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Alzh Dementia https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.053669

D. Saracino, A. Géraudie, A M Remes, S Ferrieux, M Noguès-Lassiaille, S Bottani, L Cipriano, M Houot, A Funkiewiez, A Camuzat, D Rinaldi, M Teichmann, J Pariente, P Couratier, C Boutoleau-Bretonnière, S Auriacombe, F Etcharry-Bouyx, R Levy, R Migliaccio, E Solje, I Le Ber, S Belliard, F Blanc, E Benchetrit, H Bertin, A Bertrand, A Bissery, S Bombois, M-P Boncoeur, A Brice, M Ceccaldi, M Chastan, Y Chen, M Chupin, O Colliot, X Delbeuck, C Delmaire, V Deramecourt, M Didic, Ch Duyckaerts, M Formaglio, E Gerardin, V Golfier, M-O Habert, L Lacomblez, J Lagarde, G Lautrette, B Le Toullec, M- Mackowiak, O Martinaud, B-F Michel, J Monteil, A-H Oya, F Pasquier, G Petyt, A Rollin-Sillaire, C Roué-Jagot, S Sayah, M Sarazin, C Thauvin-Robinet, C Thomas-Anterion, F Sellal, M Vercelletto, D Wallon (2021). Primary progressive aphasias associated with C9orf72 expansions: Another side of the story.  Cortex (In press)

Godefroy V, Levy R, Bouzigues A, Rametti-Lacroux, MIgliaccio R, Batrancourt B (2021) .The ECOCAPTURE@HOME project: protocol for the remote assessment of apathy and its everyday-life consequences. Int J Environ Res Public Health. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18157824.

D Saracino; K Dorgham; A Camuzat; D RinaldI; A Rametti-Lacroux; M Houot; F Clot; P Martin-Hardy; L Jornea; C Azuar; R Migliaccio; F Pasquier; P Couratier; S Auriacombe; C Boutoleau-Bretonniere; J Pariente; M Didic; D Hannequin; D Wallon; The French Research Network On FTD/FTD-ALS*; The PREVDEMALS And The Predict-PGRN Study Groups**; O Colliot; B Dubois; A Brice; R Levy; S Forlani; I Le Ber (2021) Plasma Nfl Levels In C9orf72 And GRN-Associated Diseases: : from tailored references to clinical applications. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-326914.

M. Ovando-Tellez, B. Rouhaut, N. Georges, T. Bieth, L. Hugueville, Y. Ibrahim, O. Courbet, R. Levy, B. Garcin, E. Volle (2021). Do adding beer to coffee enhances the activation of drinks? An ERP study of implicit categorization processes. Cognitive Neuroscience doi:10.1080/17588928.2021.1940117

D Saracino, S Ferrieux, M Noguès-Lassiaille; M Houot, A Funkiewiez, L Sellami, V Deramecourt, F Pasquier, P Couratier, J Pariente, A Géraudie; S Epelbaum, D Wallon, D Hannequin, O Martinaud, F Clot, A Camuzat, S Bottani, D Rinaldi, S Auriacombe, M Sarazin, M Didic, MD, C Boutoleau-Bretonnière, C Thauvin-Robinet, F Sellal, A Gabelle, F Etcharry-Bouyx, C Coppola, The French research network on FTD/FTD-ALS*; R Levy, B Dubois, O Colliot, M-L Gorno-Tempini, M Teichmann, R Migliaccio, I Le Ber (2021). PPA associated with GRN mutations: New insights into the non-amyloid logopenic variant. Neurology doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012174

V. Godefroy, D. Tanguy, A. Bouzigues, I. Sezer, K. Lecouturier, J. Ferrand-Verdejo, C. Azuar, D. Bendetowicz, G. Carle, A. Rametti-Lacroux, S. Bombois, E. Cognat, P. Jannin, X. Morandi, I. Le Ber, R. Levy, B. Batrancourt and R. Migliaccio (2021) Frontotemporal dementia subtypes based on behavioural inhibition deficits Alzheimer's & Dementia doi: 10.1002/dad2.12178

V. Czernecki , E. Benchetrit, M Houot, F Pineau, G Mangone, J-C Corvol, M Vidailhet, R. Levy (2021) Social Cognitive Impairment In Early Parkinson’s Disease: A Novel “Mild Impairment”? Parkinsonism and Related Disorders DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.02.023

R. Migliaccio, D. Tanguy, A. Bouzigues, I. Sezer, B. Dubois, I. Le Ber, B. Batrancourt , V. Godefroy, R. Levy (2020) Cognitive and behavioural inhibition deficits in neurodegenerative dementias. Cortex doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.001

L Sellami, B Rucheton, I Benyounes, A Camuzat, D Saracino, D Rinaldi, S Epelbaum, C Azuar, R Levy, S Auriacombe, D Hannequin, J Pariente, C Boutoleau-Bretonnière, P Couratier, F Pasquier, V Deramecourt, M Sauvée, M Sarazin, J Lagarde, C Roue-Jagot, S Forlani, L Jornea, I David, French research network on FTLD/FTLD-ALS, PREVDEMALS and Predict-PGRN groups, E LeGuern, B Dubois, A Brice, F Clot, F Lamari, I Le Ber (2020) Plasma progranulin levels for frontotemporal dementia in clinical practice: a 10-year French experience. Neurobiol Aging; doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging

M. Montembeault, S. Sayah, D. Rinaldi, B. Le Toullec, A. Bertrand, A. Funkiewiez, D. Saracino, A. Camuzat, P. Couratier, M. Chouly, D. Hannequin, C. Aubier Girard, F. Pasquier, X. Delbeuck, O. Colliot, B. Batrancourt, C. Azuar, R. Lévy, B. Dubois, I. Le Ber, R. Migliaccio, PrevDemAls study group (2020). Cognitive inhibition impairments in presymptomatic C9orf72 carriers. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322242

S. Ducharme, A. Dols, R. LaForce, E. Devenney, F. Kumfor, J. van den Stock, C. Dallaire-Théroux, H. Seelaar, F. Gossink, J. Vijverberg, E. Huey, M. Vandenbulcke, M. Masellis, C. Trieu, C. Onyike , P. Caramelli, L. Cruz de Souza, A. Santillo, M. Landqvist, R. Landin-Romero, O. Piguet, W. Kelso, D. Eratne, D. Velakoulis, M. Ikeda, D. Perry, P. Pressman, B. Boeve, M. Vandenbulcke, R. Vandenberghe, M. Mendez, C. Azuar, R. Levy, I. LeBer, S. Baez, A. Lerner, E. Ratnavalli, F. Pasquier, D. Galimberti, E. Scarpini, J. van Swieten, M. Hornberger, H. Rosen, J. Hodges, J. Diehl-Schmid, Y. Pijnenburg (2020). Distinguishing Behavioural Variant Frontotemporal Dementia from Primary Psychiatric Disorders in Patients with Late-Onset Behavioural Changes: Assessment Recommendations from the Neuropsychiatric International Consortium for Frontotemporal Dementia. Brain  doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa018.

M. Dunoyer, D. Bendetowicz, B. Dubois, F. Clot, R. Levy, I. Le Ber, G. Carle (2019). Hysteria or Dementia? A Case of Atypical Clinical Onset of Frontotemporal Dementia Associated with a Progranulin Mutation. Int J Clin Skills : 9 (6) : 2491-2496

Sanches C, Levy R, Benisty S, Volpe-Gillot L, Habert M-O, Kas A, Stroer S, Pyatigorskaya N, Kaglik A, Bourbon A, Dubois B, Migliaccio R, Valero-Cabre A, Teichmann M (2019) Testing the therapeutic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in semantic dementia: a double blind, sham controlled, randomized clinical trial. Trials 20(1):632. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3613-z.

Batrancourt B, Lecouturier K, Ferrand-Verdejo J, Guillemot V., Azuar C., Bendetowicz D, Migliaccio R, Rametti-Lacroux A, Dubois B, Levy R (2019) Exploration deficit in ecological condition as a marker of apathy in frontotemporal dementia. Front. Neurol 10:941. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00941.

Teichmann M, Daigmorte C, Funkiewiez A, Sanches C, Camus M, Mauras T, Le Ber I, Dubois B, Levy R, Azuar C (2019) Moral Emotions in Frontotemporal Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 69(3):887-896. doi: 10.3233/JAD-180991.

A. Valero-Cabré, C. Sanches, J. Godard, O. Fracchia, B. Dubois, R. Levy, D.Q. Truong, M. Bikson, M. Teichmann (2019) Language boosting by transcranial stimulation in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Neurology  93, e-pub ehead of print. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000007893

C. Azuar & R. Levy (2018). Behavioral disorders : The « blind spot » of neurology and psychiatry Rev Neurol (Paris);174(4):182-189.

P. Robert , K. L. Lanctôt , L. Agüera-Ortiz , P. Aalten , F.Bremond,M. Defrancesco, C.Hanon, R.David, B.Dubois, K. Dujardin, M. Husain, A. König, R. Levy, V. Mantua, D. Meulien, D. Miller, H.J. Moebius, J. Rasmussen, G. Robert, M. Ruthirakuhan, F. Stella, J. Yesavage R. Zeghari , V.Manera (2018) Is it time to revise the diagnostic criteria for apathy in brain disorders? The 2018 international consensus group. Eur Psychiatr Oct;54:71-76. doi: 10.1016/

Garcin B, Volle E, Funkiewiez A, Miller BL, Dubois B, Levy R (2018). “A mosquito bites and a butterfly flies”: a specific response type of frontal patients in a similarity task. Neuropsychologia Aug;117:371-378. doi: 10.1016

B. Garcin, M. Urbanski, M. Thiebaut De Schotten, R. Levy, E. Volle (2018) Anterior temporal lobe morphometry predicts categorization ability. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7 : 12-36

C. Foulon, L. Cerliani, S. Kinkingnéhun, R. Levy, C. Rosso, M. Urbanski, E. Volle, M. Thiebaut de Schotten (2018) Advanced lesion symptom mapping analyses and implementation as BCBtoolkit. GigaScience 7 ; 1-17

Carle G, Morin A, Noiray C, Roy-Joly P, Cohen L, Levy R, Samaan S, Nadjar Y (2018) Alanyl-tRNA Synthetase 2- Related dementia with sélective bilatéral frontal cystic leucoencephalopathy. J Clin Neurol14 : 420-422

D. Bendetowicz, M. Urbanski, B. Garcin, C. Foulon, R. Levy, M.L Brechemier, C. Rosso, M. Thiebaut de Schotten, E. Volle (2018) Two critical brain networks for generation and combination of remote associations. Brain 141 : 217-233

A. Bertrand, J. Wen, D. Rinaldi, M. Houot, S. Sayah, A. Camuzat, C. Fournier, S. Fontanella, A. Routier, P. Couratier F. Pasquier, M.-O. Habert, D. Hannequin, O. Martinaud, P. Caroppo, R. Levy, B. Dubois, A. Brice, S. Durrleman, O. Colliot, I. Le Ber and PREVDEMALS Study Group  (2018). Early cognitive, structural and microstructural changes in c9orf72 presymptomatic carriers before 40 years of age. JAMA Neurology 75; 236-245

D. Bendetowicz, M. Urbanski, C Aichelburg, R. Levy, E. Volle (2017) Brain morphometry predicts individual creative potential and the ability to combine remote ideas. Cortex 86, 216-229

G. Carle, M. Touat, N. Bruno, D. Galanaud, C.-S. Peretti, A. Valero-Cabre, R. Levy, C. Azuar (2017) Acute frontal lobe dysfunction following prefrontal low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in a patient with treatment-resistant depression. Frontiers in PsychiatryDOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00096

Teichmann M, Lesoil C, Godard J, Vernet M, Bertrand A, Levy R, Dubois B, Lemoine L, Truong DQ, Bikson M, Kas A, Valero-Cabré A (2016) Direct current stimulation of the anterior temporal lobes boosts primary aphasia. Ann Neurol doi: 10.1002/ana.24766. 

M. Thiebaut de Schotten, M. Urbanski, B. Batrancourt, R. Levy, B. Dubois, L. Cerliani, E. Volle (2017). Rostro-caudal architecture of the frontal lobes in humans. Cereb Cortex 27; 2033-2047.

L. Hobeika, C. Diard-Detoeuf, B. Garcin, R. Levy, E. Volle (2016). General and specialized brain correlates for analogical reasoning: A meta-analysis of functional imaging studies. Hum Brain Mapp37(5):1953-69. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23149

R. Migliaccio, C Boutet, R. Valebregue, S. Ferrieux, M. Nogues, B. Dubois, S. Lehericy, R. Levy, M Teichmann (2016) The brain network of naming: a lesson from primary progressive aphasia. PLos One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148707

M. Urbanski, M.-L. Bréchemier, B. Garcin, D. Bendetowicz, C. Foulon M. Thiebaut de Schotten, C. Rosso, F. Clarençon, S. Dupont, P. Pradat, M.-A. Labeyrie, R. Levy, E. Volle (2016) Reasoning by analogy requires the left frontal pole: lesion-deficit mapping and clinical implications. Brain 139(Pt 6):1783-99. doi: 10.1093/brain/aww072

J. Lagarde, R.Valabergues, J.C. Corvol, B. Garcin, E. Volle, I. Le Ber, M. Vidailhet, B. Dubois, R. Levy (2015) Why do patients with neurodegenerative frontal syndrome fail to answer the following question: “In what way are an orange and a banana alike?”. Brain Dec 16. pii: awu359.

L. Cruz De Souza, H. Cerqueira Guimares, A. L. Teixeira, P. Caramelli, R. Levy, B. Dubois, E. Volle (2014). Frontal lobe neurology and the creative mind Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 5 : 761

C. Aichelburg, M. Urbanski, M. Thiebaut de Schotten, F. Humbert, R. Levy, E. Volle (2014). Morphometry of Left Frontal and Temporal Poles Predicts Analogical Reasoning Abilities. Cereb Cortex  Oct 19. pii: bhu254.

C. Azuar, P. Reyes, A. Slachevsky, S. Kinkingnehun, F. Kouneiher, E. Volle, E. Bravo, B. Dubois, E. Koechlin, R. Levy (2014). Causal organization of Cognitive Control In The Human Prefrontal Cortex. Neuroimage 84:1053-60.

P Caroppo, I Le Ber, F Clot, S Rivaud-Péchoux, A Camuzat, A De Septenville, C Boutoleau–Bretonnière, V Mourlon, M Sauvée, T Lebouvier, A-M Bonnet, R Levy, M Vercelletto, A Brice, for the French research network on FTLD/FTLD-ALS (2013). DCTN1 mutation analysis in families with PSP-like phenotypes. JAMA Neurology

J Lagarde, R Valabrègue, J-C Corvol, F Pineau, I Le Ber, M Vidailhet, B Dubois, R Levy (2013). Are the frontal cognitive and atrophy patterns of PSP and bvFTD different? A neuropsychological and VBM comparative study". PLos One Nov 20;8(11):e80353. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080353

A Messé, S Caplain, M Pélégrini-Issac, S Blancho, R Lévy, N Aghakhani, M Montreuil, H Benali, S Lehéricy  (2013). "Resting-state networks and post-concussion syndrome in mild traumatic brain injury patients". PLos One 8 (6) Article Number: e65470   DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065470

J. Lagarde, R. Valabrègue, JC. Corvol, I. Le Ber, O. Colliot, M. Vidailhet, R. Levy (2013). The clinical and anatomical heterogeneity of the environmental dependency phenomena. J. Neurol 260 , 9 : 2262-2270.

S. Leu-Semenescu, G. Uguccioni, J-L Golmard, V. Czernecki, M. Pessiglione, J. Yelnik, D. Grabli, B. Dubois, B. Forgeot d’Arc, R. Levy, I. Arnulf (2013). Can we still dream when the mind is blank? Sleep and dream mentations in auto-activation deficit. Brain 136: 3076-3084.

G Gonen-Yaacovi, L Cruz de Souza, R Levy, M Urbanski, G Josse, Emmanuelle Volle (2013). Rostral and caudal prefrontal contribution to creativity: A meta-analysis of functional imaging data. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7 : 465   DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00465

Messé A, Caplain S, Pélégrini-Issac M, Blancho S, Montreuil M, Lévy R, Lehéricy S, Benali H.  (2012). Structural integrity and postconcussion syndrome in mild traumatic brain injury patients. Brain Imaging Behav 6(2):283-92.

R. Levy (2012). Apathy : a pathology of goal-directed behavior. Rev Neurol, 168 : 585-597.

B. Garcin, E. Volle, B. Oliviero. B. Dubois, R. Levy (2012). Similar or different? The role of the Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in similarity detection. PLos One, 7(3):e34164. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034164

Koric L, Seassau M, Pelissolo A, Volle E, Bernard F, Dubois B, Levy R. (2012) How cognitive performance-induced stress can influence right VLPFC activation: an fMRI study in healthy subjects and in patients with social phobia. Hum Brain Mapp 33 (8): 1973-1986.

Funkiewiez A., Bertoux M.-L., de Souza L. C., Levy R., Dubois B. (2011) The SEA (Social cognition and Emotional Assessment): a clinical neuropsychological tool to early diagnose frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neuropsychology 26: 81-90.

De Souza L, Volle E, Kas A, Dubois B, Czernicki V, Habert MO, B. Dubois, R. Levy (2010) Creativity in Frontotemporal dementia: a window on the cognitive and neural bases on the creative mind. Neuropsychologia 48: 3733-3742.

Allali G, Dubois B, Assal F, Lallart E, de Souza LC, Bertoux M, Annweiler C, Herrmann F, Levy R, Beauchet O (2010). Frontotemporal dementia: pathology of gait? Mov Disorders, 25: 723-729

Brice A, Blanc F, Clerget-Darpoux F, Corcia P, Didic M, Desnuelle C, Dubois B, Duyckaerts C, Habert MO, Golfier V, Guedj E, Hannequin D, Lacomblez L, Le Ber I, Levy R, Meininger V, Michel BF, Pasquier F, Thomas-Anterion C, Puel M, Salachas F, Sellal F, Vercelletto M, Verpillat P, Camu W (2009). TARDBP mutations in motoneuron disease with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Ann Neurol. 65:470-3.

Volle E, Kinkinghehun S., du Boisgueheneuc, Y. Samson, H. Duffau, B. Dubois, R.Levy (2008). The functional architecture of the posterior and lateral prefrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex 18: 2460-69

M. Thiebaut de Schotten, S. Kinkingnéhun, C. Delmaire, S. Lehéricy, H. Duffau, L. Thivard, E. Volle, R. Levy, B. Dubois, P. Bartolomeo (2008). Visualization of disconnection syndromes in humans. Cortex 44:1097-103. 

Urbanski M, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Rodrigo S, Catani M, Oppenheim C, Touzé E, Chokron S, Méder J-F, Levy R, Dubois B, Bartolomeo P (2008). Brain networks of spatial awareness: evidence from diffusion tensor imaging tractography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 79 : 598-601.

V. Czernecki, M. Schüpbach, S. Yaici, R. Levy, B. Dubois, Y. Agid (2008). Apathy following subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson disease: A dopamine responsive symptom. Mov disorders. 23 : 964-969.

L. Schmidt, B. Forgeot d’Arc, D. Galanaud, V. Czernecki, D. Grabli, M. Schüpbach, A Hartmann, G. Lafargue, R. Levy, B. Dubois, M. Pessiglione (2008). Disconnecting money and force: effect of basal ganglia damage on incentive motivation. Brain 131: 1303-1310.

M. Emre, D. Aarsland, R. Brown, D. Burn, C. Duyckaerts, Y. Mizuno, J. Cummings, D. Dickson, S. Gauthier, C. Goetz, A. Korczyn, A. Lees, R. Levy, I. Litvan, I. McKeith, W. Olanow, W. Poewe, C. Sampaio, E. Tolosa, B. Dubois (2007). Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson disease. Mov Disorders, 22 : 1689-1707.

Dubois B, Aarsland D, Burn D, Brown R, Cummings J, Gauthier S, Goetz C, Korczyn A, Lees A, Levy R,Litvan I, Olanow W, Poewe W, Tolosa E, Emre M (2007). Diagnostic procedures for Parkinson's disease dementia: Recommendations from the movement disorder society task force. Mov Disorders 22 : 2314-24.

Kinkingnéhun S., Volle E., Golmard JL, Lehéricy S, du Boisguéheneuc F, Zhang-Nunes S, Sosson D, Duffau H, Samson Y, Levy R, Dubois B (2007). A novel approach to clinical-radiological correlations : Anatomo-Clinical Overlapping Maps (AnaCOM) Method and Validation. Neuroimage, 37 : 1237-1249. 

R. Levy, B. Dubois (2006). Apathy and the prefrontal cortex-basal ganglia circuits. Cerebral Cortex16: 916-28. 

du Boisgueheneuc F., Levy R, Volle E., Seassau M., Duffau H., Kinkingnehun S., Zhang S. and Dubois B (2006). The Functions of the Left Superior Frontal Gyrus in Humans: A Lesion Study. Brain 129: 3315-3328. (*corresponding author)

R. Levy, V Czernicki (2006). Apathy and the basal ganglia. J. Neurol 253 (S7) : 54-61.

P.O. Harvey, P. Fossati, J-B. Pochon, R. Levy, G. Le Bastard, S. Lehericy, J.-F. Allilaire, B. Dubois (2005) Cognitive effort and brain resources in major depression : a fMRI study using the n-back task. Neuroimage 26: 860-869.

M. Thiebaut de Schotten, M. Urbanski, H. Duffau, E. Volle, R. Levy, B.Dubois, P. Bartolomeo (2005). Direct evidence for a parietal-frontal pathway subserving spatial awareness in humans. Science 309 : 2226-2228.

Volle E., Pochon J.-B., Léhéricy S., Pillon B., Dubois B, Levy R (2005). Specific cerebral networks for maintenance and response organization within working memory as evidenced by the “double delay/double response” paradigm. Cerebral Cortex: 15:1064-1074.

Harvey PO, Le Bastard G, Pochon JB, Levy R, Allilaire JF, Dubois B & Fossati P (2004). Executive functions and updating of the contents of working memory in unipolar depression. J Psychiatr Res, 38, 137-44.

B. Dubois and R. Levy (2004). Cognition, behaviour and the frontal lobes. International Psychogeriatrics 16: 379-387.

E. Gerardin, J.B. Pochon, JB. Poline, L. Tremblay, PF Van de Moortele, R. Levy, B. Dubois, D. LeBihan, S. Lehéricy (2004). Distinct striatal regions support movement selection, preparation and execution.Neuroreport, 15: 2327-2331. 

A. Slachevsky, B. Pillon, P. Fourneret, L. Renié, R. Levy, M. Jeannerod, B. Dubois (2003). The prefrontal cortex and the conscious monitoring of action: an experimental study. Neuropsychologia 41: 655-665.

E. Volle, R. Beato, R. Levy, B. Dubois (2002). Forced Collectionism. Neurology. 58: 488-490. 

J.B. Pochon, R. Levy, P. Fossati, S. Lehericy, JB Poline, B. Pillon, D. Le Bihan, B. Dubois (2002). The neural system that bridges Reward and Cognition in humans: an fMRI study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 99: 5669-5674. 

V. Czernecki, B. Pillon, J.L Houeto, J.B. Pochon, R Levy, B. Dubois (2002). Motivation, reward and Parkinson's disease: Influence of dopatherapy. Neuropsychologia, 40: 2257-2267. 

J. B. Pochon, R. Levy, J.B. Poline, S. Lehericy, S. Crozier, B. Pillon, B. Deweer, D. Le Bihan, B. Dubois (2001). The role of the lateral prefrontal cortex in the preparation of the forthcoming actions: a fMRI study. Cerebral Cortex, 11: 260-266. 

R. Levy et P.S. Goldman-Rakic (2000). Segregation of working memory within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Exp. Brain Res. 133: 22-32. 

E.C. Hirsch, C. Perier, G. Orieux, C. Francois, J. Feger, J. Yelnik, M. Vila, R. Levy, E.S. Tolosa, C. Marin, M-T. Herrero, J.A. Obeso, Y. Agid (2000). Metabolic effects of nigrostriatal denervation in basal ganglia. Trends Neurosci, 23(10 Suppl):S78-85. 

R. Levy, P.S. Goldman-Rakic (1999). Association of storage and processing functions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the nonhuman primate. J Neurosci, 19: 5149-5158. 

C. Teixeira-Ferreira, M. Vérin, B. Pillon, R. Levy, B. Dubois and Y. Agid (1998). Spatio-temporal working memory and frontal lesions in man. Cortex 34 : 83-98. 

C. Malapani, B. Ratikin, R. Levy, W.H. Meck, B. Deweer, B. Dubois and J. Gibbon (1998). Coupled temporal memories in Parkinson’s disease: a dopamine-related dysfunction. J Cog Neurosci , 10: 316-331. 

R. Levy, L.-N. Hazrati, M.-T. Herrero, M. Vila, O.-K. Hassani, M. Mouroux, M. Ruberg, H. Asensi, Y. Agid, J. Féger, J.A. Obeso, A. Parent and E.C. Hirsch (1997). Reevaluation of the functional anatomy of the basal ganglia in normal and parkinsonian states. Neuroscience 76: 335-343. 

M. Vila, R. Levy, M.-T. Herrero, M Ruberg, B. Faucheux, J.A. Obeso, Y. Agid, E.C. Hirsch (1997). Consequences of nigrostriatal denervation on the functioning of the basal ganglia in human and non-human primates: an in situ hybridization study of cytochrome oxidase subunit I mRNA. J Neurosci. 17: 765-773. 

R. Levy, H.R. Friedman, L. Davachi and P.S. Goldman-Rakic (1997). Differential activation of the caudate nucleus in primates performing spatial and nonspatial working memory tasks. J Neurosci 17: 3870-3882.

M. Vila, M.-T. Herrero, R. Levy, B. Faucheux, M. Ruberg, J. Guillen, M.R. Luquin, J. Guridi, F. Javoy-Agid, Y. Agid, J.A. Obeso and E.C. Hirsch (1996). Consequences of nigrostriatal denervation on the GABAergic neurons of substantia nigra pars reticulata and superior colliculus in parkinsonian syndromes. Neurology, 46: 802-809.

M.-T. Herrero, R. Levy, M. Ruberg, M.R. Luquin, J. Villares, J. Guillen, B. Faucheux, F. Javoy-Agid, J. Guridi, Y. Agid, J.A. Obeso, E.C. Hirsch (1996). Consequences of nigrostriatal denervation and L-dopa therapy on the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase messenger RNA in the pallidum. Neurology47: 219-224.

M. Vila, R. Levy, M.-T. Herrero, B. Faucheux, J.A. Obeso, Y. Agid, E.C. Hirsch (1996). Metabolic activity of the basal ganglia in parkinsonian syndromes in human and non-human primates: a cytochrome oxydase histochemistry study. Neuroscience 71: 903-912. 

R. Levy, M. Ruberg, M.-T. Herrero, J. Villares, F. Javoy-Agid, Y. Agid and E.C. Hirsch (1995). Alterations of GABAergic neurons in the basal ganglia of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurology  45: 127-134. 

R. Levy, M.-T. Herrero, M. Ruberg, J.Villares, B. Faucheux, M.R. Luquin, J. Guillen, J. Guiridi, F. Javoy-Agid, J.A Obeso, Y. Agid and E.C Hirsch (1995). Effects of nigrostriatal denervation and L-dopa therapy on the GABAergic neurons of the striatum in MPTP-treated monkeys and Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Neurosci 7: 1199-1209. 

R. Levy, C. Duyckaerts and J.-J. Hauw (1995) Massive infarcts involving the territory of the anterior choroidal artery and cardioembolism. Stroke 26: 609-613. 

R. Levy, M. Vila, M.-T. Herrero, B. Faucheux, Y. Agid and E.C. Hirsch (1995). Striatal expression of substance P and methionine-enkephaline genes in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett 199: 220-224. 

B. Dubois, R. Levy, M. Verin, C. Teixeira, Y. Agid and B. Pillon (1995). Experimental approach to prefrontal functions in Humans. In: Structure and functions of the human prefrontal cortex  (J. Grafman, K. J. Holyoak, F. Boller, eds). vol. 769, pp.41-60. New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 

Book Chapter

V. Godefroy, B. Batrancourt, R. Levy (2020). Apathy: from the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms to future assessments and therapeutic strategies, Encyclopedia of Behavioural Neuroscience 2nd Edition. E In Encyclopedia of Behavioural Neuroscience 2nd Edition. Vol.2 Ed. S Della Sala. Elsevier pp.308-316

R. Levy (2021). Apathy: a pathology of goal-directed behaviour and prefrontal cortex -basal ganglia circuits Apathy: Clinical and neuroscientific perspectives from neurology and psychiatry”. Aleman A & Lanctôt KL (eds). Oxford University Press. UK

R. Le Bouc, B. Garcin, M. Urbanski, E. Volle, B. Dubois, R. Levy (2021) Anatomy And Disorders Of Frontal Lobe Functions: Fundamental Functions. Chapter 1. In Encyclopedia of Behavioural Neuroscience 2nd Edition. Vol.2 Ed. S Della Sala. Elsevier pp.266-279

R. Le Bouc, B. Garcin, M. Urbanski, E. Volle, B. Dubois, R. Levy (2021) Anatomy And Disorders Of Frontal Lobe Functions: Higher -order functions. Chapter 2 in Encyclopedia of Behavioural Neuroscience 2nd Edition Vol 2. Elsevier pp. 280-288

R. Levy (2007). Neurobehavioral disorders associated with basal Ganglia Lesions (chapter 3). In Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorders 5th edition (Jankovic, Tolosa, eds). Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins

B. Dubois, K. Andrade, R. Levy (2008). Executive dysfunction and neuropsychological testing. In C. Dyuckaerts & I.Litvan (eds) Dementias. Handbook of Clinical Neurology , 3rd edition. Elsevier, UK, 89 : 35-52. 

Volle E, Levy R, Burgess PW (2013). A new era for lesion-behavior mapping of prefrontal functions. Principles of Frontal functions (DT Stuss & RT Knight, eds), pp. 500-523, Sd edition. Oxford University press, New York.

Pillon B, Boller F, Levy R, Dubois B (2002). Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease. In Boller F and Grafman J. eds. Handbook of Neuropsychology, vol. 6. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers.

M.-T. Herrero, R. Levy, M. Ruberg, F. Javoy-Agid, M.R. Luquin, Y. Agid, E.C Hirsch and J.A Obeso (1996). Glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA expression in medial and lateral pallidal neurons in the MPTP-treated monkey and patients with Parkinson’s disease. Advances in Neurology (Battistin L., G. Scarlato, T. Caraeni and S. Ruggeri, eds.), vol. 69, pp. 209-216. Lippincott-Raven Press, Philadelphia.

C. François, J. Yelnik, G. Orieux, M. Vila, C. Jan, J. Féger, C. Savy, B. Faucheux, R. Levy, P. Damier, D. Tande, A. Mouatt-Pringent, Y. Agid, Lopez-Meduina P., M.-T. Herrero, E.C. Hirsch (1999) Anatomo-chemical organization of the basal ganglia circuitry in the normal and parkinsonian state (pathways that shoud be added to our current view of the system. In: Basal Ganglia VI (Advances in Behavioral Biology); Plenum Press, New York and London.