Different varieties of English (American, British, Australian, etc.) developed different words mainly because of:
Separation over time — Once English speakers settled in America, Australia, etc., they were geographically cut off from Britain. Language naturally drifts when speakers aren't in constant contact — new words get invented, old words fall out of use, at different rates in different places.
Contact with other languages — American English absorbed words from Native American languages (moose, raccoon), Spanish (ranch, rodeo, canyon), and immigrant languages (German, Italian, Yiddish — kindergarten, pizza, bagel). British English had different contact patterns (more French/Latin influence historically, plus its own colonial contacts — Indian, Caribbean, African languages).
New inventions needing new names — When something is invented or discovered in one place, that region often names it first, and the name sticks locally even if another word is coined elsewhere for the same thing. E.g., "elevator" (American, from the verb "to elevate") vs. "lift" (British, more literal/mechanical description) — both are logical, just different naming choices made independently.
Deliberate distinction/identity — Sometimes new nations wanted linguistic independence as a marker of cultural identity. Noah Webster (of Webster's Dictionary) deliberately simplified American spelling (color vs. colour, center vs. centre) partly to create a distinct American identity, separate from British England.
Different source words survived — Sometimes both regions had multiple words available and just picked different ones. Trousers vs. pants, biscuit vs. cookie — both existed in English at some point, but usage diverged regionally.
freshman / sophomore / junior / senior (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th year students — American terms, not "Year 9/10/11/12")
homeroom (the class you check into first thing each morning)
schedule (American English for "timetable")
locker (a small personal storage cabinet in the hallway)
hallway (British: "corridor")
transfer student (a student who moved from another school)
to fit in (to feel like you belong)
orientation (an introduction event for new students)
grade (American English for "year" in school — e.g., "9th grade" = "Year 10" in the UK)
I'm a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior
middle school (roughly ages 11–13, before high school)
elementary school (British: "primary school")
to be held back (to repeat a grade)
to skip a grade (to move ahead early)
club / to join a club
sign-up sheet (a list you write your name on)
extracurricular activities (activities outside regular classes)
student council (elected group of students who organize events)
tryouts (a selection process, common for sports/some clubs)
club advisor (the teacher who supervises a club)
membership dues (money some clubs charge to join)
to get involved
Friday night lights (a common phrase for American high school football games, usually on Friday evenings)
the bleachers (the stands/seating area)
homecoming (a major school event, often tied to a football game + dance)
pep rally (a school event to build excitement before a big game)
cheerleaders / the marching band
tailgate (informal outdoor gathering before a game, often with food)
halftime (the break in the middle of the game)
Do you want to come with? (informal American phrasing — dropping "me" is common colloquially)
schedule (again — not "timetable" in American English)
period (a class time slot — "1st period," "2nd period")
block schedule (some schools use longer class blocks instead of short periods)
elective (an optional class, as opposed to a required one)
study hall (a scheduled free period for homework, supervised)
Could you help me figure out my schedule?
Which class do I have next?
cafeteria (British: "canteen")
Where's the cafeteria? / Could you point me to the cafeteria?
lunch line (where you queue for food)
brown-bag lunch (a packed lunch from home)
cafeteria tray
Is this seat taken? (common phrase for asking to sit somewhere)
vending machine
Lockers are common in American middle and high schools, used to store books, coats, and personal items between classes. But here's the twist: not every school has them, and some schools have removed lockers in recent years for security reasons (fewer places to hide prohibited items) or simply because many students now carry laptops/tablets instead of heavy textbooks.
Discussion prompt: Ask students — why might a school decide to get rid of lockers? What would be the trade-offs?
Thanksgiving is nearly universal as a holiday (most Americans do celebrate it), but "exactly the same way" is the key trap in this statement. Traditions vary hugely: some families have turkey, others don't eat meat at all; some watch the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade or football, others don't; Indigenous communities often mark the day very differently, some using it as a Day of Mourning to reflect on colonization's impact.
Discussion prompt: Ask students to think of a holiday from their own country/culture — does everyone celebrate it the same way, or are there regional/family differences?
This is a fun myth-buster. There's no national "pizza Friday" tradition for most Americans — though some schools do serve pizza on Fridays in the cafeteria as a specific menu choice, and some families have "pizza night" as a personal habit (often Friday, since it's the start of the weekend). But this is a household/local pattern, not a countrywide practice.
Discussion prompt: This is a great one to ask: "Where do you think this stereotype comes from?" (Likely from movies/TV showing pizza as an easy, popular food — leads to a good discussion on how media shapes assumptions about a whole country.)
This one is genuinely accurate and a real feature of the American system — sports teams, clubs, student government, band, drama, and more are usually optional and chosen by the student, unlike some countries where extracurriculars are more fixed or centrally assigned.
Discussion prompt: Ask students to compare: in your own school system, how much choice do you have over extracurricular activities? More or less than what you'd expect in the US?
This is the biggest myth-buster of the set. Education in the US is largely controlled at the state and even local (school district) level, not nationally. This means:
Curriculum requirements differ by state
School start ages, grading systems, and graduation requirements vary
Even things like the school year's start/end dates differ regionally (e.g., some southern states start school in early August, others start after Labor Day in September)
Discussion prompt: Ask: "Why do you think education isn't controlled by one national system in the US, unlike many other countries?" (Good lead-in to a short discussion on federalism/state powers, if age-appropriate.)
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My First Day at an American High School
When I arrived at my new high school in Chicago, I was excited but slightly overwhelmed. The building seemed enormous, with several corridors, a large cafeteria, and a gymnasium. My host sister explained that American students often move from classroom to classroom during the day. Before my first lesson, I had to find my locker and remember the combination. Fortunately, another student noticed my confusion and offered to help me. She showed me how to organize my books and explained the school timetable.
My first class was biology, and the teacher encouraged us to work together on an experiment. I was surprised by how much students participated in classroom discussions. Instead of simply listening to the teacher, they frequently asked questions and expressed their opinions. At lunchtime, I joined several students in the cafeteria. There were many choices, including sandwiches, salads, fruit, and hot meals.
After lunch, I attended an English class where we discussed a short story. Later that afternoon, I visited the school library, which was much larger than I had expected. My host sister then took me to the basketball gym. She was a member of the school team and had practice three times a week. I discovered that extracurricular activities were an important part of school life. Some students participated in sports, while others joined music, drama, or debate clubs.
By the end of the day, I was exhausted but fascinated by the experience. Although the school system was different from the one I knew, many things felt familiar. I realized that meeting students in person was the best way to understand American school culture.
Activities
Vocabulary: Find synonyms for overwhelmed, encouraged, participated, extracurricular, fascinated and use them in new sentences.
Grammar: Rewrite sentences 7–18 in the Past Simple, then identify examples of past continuous if you add them.
Speaking: “American high school vs. my school” — students identify three similarities and three differences.
My Thanksgiving Experience
I had heard about Thanksgiving many times before visiting my American friend’s family. However, I did not fully understand its importance until I experienced it myself. Thanksgiving is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. My friend’s relatives began preparing the meal early in the morning. The kitchen was filled with wonderful aromas from roasted turkey, vegetables, herbs, and freshly baked bread. Everyone seemed to have a responsibility, from preparing the vegetables to decorating the dining table.
Before dinner, we watched a parade on television. Later, some family members watched American football while others continued preparing the food. When dinner was finally ready, there were more dishes than I could possibly count. The centerpiece was a beautifully roasted turkey. We also had mashed potatoes, stuffing, cranberry sauce, corn, and pumpkin pie. Before eating, everyone took a moment to say what they were grateful for. Some people mentioned their families, while others talked about friendship, health, or opportunities. I found this tradition particularly meaningful because it encouraged everyone to reflect on what mattered to them.
During dinner, relatives shared stories about previous Thanksgiving celebrations. I noticed that several generations were sitting around the same table. After the meal, we went for a walk because everyone felt extremely full. In the evening, we played board games and looked through old family photographs. The celebration was not simply about food; it was about gratitude, family, and togetherness. When I returned home, I realized that cultural traditions can bring people together in powerful ways.
Activities
Vocabulary: Students categorize the vocabulary into food / family / emotions / traditions.
Grammar: Find examples of Past Simple, Past Continuous, and Past Perfect; discuss why each tense is used.
Culture: Students design a celebration combining one American Thanksgiving tradition with a Moldovan tradition.
Lost in New York City
My first visit to New York City was both thrilling and slightly intimidating. I had seen the city in countless movies, but the reality was much more impressive. The streets were crowded, and people seemed to be constantly rushing somewhere. On my second day, I decided to explore the city without a detailed itinerary. I took the subway downtown and got off at a station I had never visited before.
Unfortunately, I misunderstood the directions on my phone. After walking for twenty minutes, I realized that I was completely lost. Instead of panicking, I approached a woman who was standing near a coffee shop. I politely asked her if she could tell me how to get to Central Park. She smiled and explained which subway line I needed to take. She even drew a small map on a piece of paper.
While we were talking, I noticed how many different accents I could hear around us. New York seemed like a meeting point for people from every imaginable background. Eventually, I found my way to Central Park.The contrast between the peaceful park and the noisy streets was remarkable. I watched people jogging, cycling, walking their dogs, and relaxing on the grass. Later, I bought a slice of pizza from a small restaurant. The experience reminded me that travelling sometimes involves unexpected problems.
However, those unexpected moments often become the most memorable parts of a trip. Getting lost in New York taught me to be more confident about asking strangers for help.
Activities
Functional English: Role-play asking for and giving directions using expressions such as Could you tell me…?, How do I get to…?, and Is it within walking distance?
Vocabulary: Students identify words connected with travel and urban life and create a city vocabulary mind map.
Discussion: “Is getting lost while travelling a bad experience or an opportunity for adventure?”
My American Road Trip
Last summer, my family and I travelled across several American states by car. We wanted to experience the country beyond the famous tourist attractions. Our journey began in California and continued through Nevada, Arizona, and Utah. The distances between some places were much greater than I had imagined. Sometimes we drove for several hours without seeing a large town. The landscape changed dramatically as we travelled from one state to another.
We passed enormous deserts, spectacular mountains, and endless stretches of highway. One afternoon, we stopped at a roadside diner for lunch. The waitress greeted us warmly and recommended a local specialty. She also gave us advice about interesting places to visit nearby. Later, we stopped at a viewpoint overlooking a breathtaking canyon. I had never seen anything so vast and dramatic.
That evening, we stayed in a small town where almost everyone seemed to know each other. We ate dinner at a family-owned restaurant and listened to live country music. The next morning, we continued our journey before sunrise. Although we were often tired, nobody wanted the adventure to end. One of my favorite parts of the trip was listening to different radio stations as we crossed state borders. We heard news, sports commentary, advertisements, music, and local weather reports.
The road trip gave me a completely different perspective on the size and diversity of the United States. I learned that travelling slowly can sometimes teach you more than visiting famous landmarks.
Activities
Vocabulary: Students identify descriptive adjectives and replace them with stronger alternatives: big → enormous → vast, etc.
Grammar: Students create a travel diary using Past Simple and Past Continuous.
Speaking: Plan a road trip through the US using a map; students must negotiate destinations, budget, and activities.
My First American Sports Game
I had never been particularly interested in American football before my trip to the United States. My American friend, however, insisted that I attend a high-school football game. When we arrived at the stadium, I was surprised by the atmosphere. Students were wearing school colors and enthusiastically supporting their team. The marching band was performing music while cheerleaders entertained the crowd. Families were sitting in the stands, chatting and eating snacks. My friend explained some of the rules before the game began.
At first, I found the game difficult to follow. Gradually, however, I started to understand what was happening on the field. Every successful play was greeted with loud applause and cheering. During the break, we bought popcorn and talked about the teams. I noticed that the event seemed to be as much about community as it was about sport. People were meeting friends, supporting their children, and enjoying an evening together.
Even students who were not playing seemed to have a role in the event. Some were members of the band, while others worked as volunteers. When the home team eventually won, the entire stadium erupted in celebration. My friend explained that school sports can create a strong sense of belonging. I began to understand why sports are such an important part of American popular culture.
Although I still do not understand every rule of football, I thoroughly enjoyed the experience. More importantly, I discovered that sport can be a powerful way of bringing communities together.
Activities
Vocabulary: Match cheer, crowd, stadium, volunteer, belonging, community with definitions.
Prediction: Before reading, students predict what happens at an American high-school sports game.
Debate: “Should school sports be as important as academic subjects?”
A Weekend at an American Mall
One Saturday, my American host family invited me to spend the day at a large shopping mall. I was amazed by its enormous size and the variety of stores. There were clothing shops, electronics stores, restaurants, cafés, and even a cinema. We started the morning by having breakfast in the food court. I noticed that many people were carrying large takeaway cups of coffee. My host mother explained that Americans often drink coffee while travelling to work or running errands.
After breakfast, we visited several clothing stores. I was surprised by the variety of brands and the frequent discounts. My host sister was particularly interested in the seasonal sales. She compared prices carefully before deciding what to buy. Later, we went to an electronics store to look at new headphones. The salesperson explained the advantages and disadvantages of several models.
Instead of immediately buying one, we decided to compare the products online. We then met the rest of the family for lunch. There were dozens of different meals available, from burgers to salads and international dishes. In the afternoon, we watched a movie at the cinema. By the time we left, I was exhausted from walking around for several hours. The experience made me think about how shopping can also be a social activity.
I also noticed that American consumer culture is more varied and complex than I had expected. It was an ordinary Saturday, but it taught me a surprising amount about everyday American life.
Activities
Vocabulary: Teach discount, seasonal sale, consumer culture, takeaway, errands, salesperson.
Role-play: Students act out a shop assistant–customer conversation.
Critical thinking: Students discuss consumer culture in America and Moldova and decide which habits they prefer.
The Fourth of July
I happened to be in Washington, D.C., on the Fourth of July. I knew that Americans celebrated Independence Day, but I had never experienced it personally. The city was decorated with flags and patriotic symbols. Many people wore clothing in red, white, and blue. Families gathered in parks and organized picnics with friends. There were concerts, outdoor performances, and various community events.
Throughout the day, I heard people talking about American history and independence. In the afternoon, my friends and I visited a public celebration near the National Mall. The atmosphere was lively, crowded, and surprisingly friendly. People from different backgrounds appeared to be celebrating together. As evening approached, everyone began looking toward the sky. The fireworks started shortly after sunset.
The first explosion was followed by dozens of colorful displays. People cheered, took photographs, and waved small American flags. I was particularly interested in observing how national symbols were used during the celebration. My American friend explained that people can have very different opinions about what patriotism means. This made me realize that national celebrations can have different meanings for different people.
The evening was beautiful, but the conversations I had were even more interesting. I learned that culture is not simply about food, music, or festivals. It also involves history, identity, values, and the ways people understand their country.
Activities
Vocabulary: Explore patriotic, independence, national symbols, identity, values, celebration.
Grammar: Students use modal verbs to discuss cultural expectations: People can…, Americans may…, Visitors should…
Discussion: Compare Independence Day with an important Moldovan national celebration.
My Experience with American Slang
One of the biggest challenges during my first week in America was understanding informal language. I had studied English for years, but some everyday expressions were completely unfamiliar. One morning, my host brother told me that something was “awesome.” I understood the word, but I was surprised by how frequently he used it. Later, a friend described a difficult situation as “a bummer.” I had never heard the expression before.
When I asked what it meant, everyone laughed and explained it to me. I also heard people say “no worries” in situations where I would normally say “that’s okay.” Gradually, I began recognizing these expressions from context. I learned that informal language can change quickly, especially among young people. Some expressions are popular for a few years and then disappear.
Others become part of everyday American English. My friends also explained that slang can vary depending on age, region, and social group. I realized that learning vocabulary from a dictionary was not always enough. To communicate naturally, I also needed to understand tone and context. However, my friends warned me not to use every expression I heard. Some slang can sound inappropriate or disrespectful in formal situations.
This was an important lesson about language and communication. I began paying closer attention not only to what people said but also to how they said it. By the end of my trip, I felt much more confident understanding informal American English.
Activities
Vocabulary: Students classify expressions as formal / neutral / informal.
Context challenge: Give students slang expressions and three possible situations; they choose the appropriate context.
Role-play: Students perform the same conversation twice: formal English vs. informal English.
A Community Volunteer Day
During my stay in Boston, I joined a community volunteer project. The organization was preparing food packages for families who needed assistance. I had never participated in a similar activity before. When I arrived, several volunteers were already organizing boxes and supplies. Everyone received a specific responsibility.
Some people sorted food, while others prepared packages for distribution. I worked with a university student who explained how the organization operated. She told me that many Americans volunteer through schools, universities, workplaces, and community organizations. I was impressed by the number of people who were willing to give their time without being paid. During the lunch break, we talked about education, careers, and community life. I discovered that volunteering could also help young people develop practical skills.
They could learn how to communicate, cooperate, organize events, and solve problems. In the afternoon, we delivered some of the packages to a local community center. The people we met were extremely grateful for the assistance. I realized that even a few hours of work could make a meaningful difference.
The experience also changed my understanding of the word “community.” It was not simply a place where people lived. It was a network of people who could support one another. I returned home feeling tired but genuinely satisfied. I decided that I wanted to find more opportunities to volunteer in my own community.
Activities
Vocabulary: Teach volunteer, assistance, distribution, responsibility, cooperation, community.
Grammar: Students practise gerunds and infinitives: I decided to volunteer; I enjoy helping people.
Project: Groups design a one-day volunteer project for their school or community and present it.
What America Taught Me
Before travelling to America, I thought I already knew quite a lot about American culture. I had watched American movies, listened to American music, and studied English for many years. Nevertheless, living there taught me that culture cannot be fully understood through textbooks. I discovered that Americans have many different lifestyles, opinions, traditions, and backgrounds.
People living in different states could have very different experiences. I also realized that many stereotypes about Americans were inaccurate or exaggerated. Some people were extremely talkative, while others were quiet and reserved. Some families were highly traditional, while others had completely different lifestyles. I encountered people whose families had roots in many different parts of the world.
This diversity was one of the most fascinating aspects of my experience. I also became more aware of regional differences in vocabulary and pronunciation. The English I heard in New York did not always sound exactly like the English I heard in Texas or California. I learned that language reflects people’s history, geography, and communities. At the same time, I discovered many similarities between American and Moldovan teenagers.
Young people in both countries worry about school, friendships, the future, and their families. They enjoy music, social media, sports, entertainment, and spending time with friends. The biggest difference was not always what people did, but sometimes how they expressed themselves. Travelling helped me become more open-minded and less dependent on stereotypes.
I returned home with more questions about American culture than I had before I left. I think that is one of the most valuable things travel can teach us: to remain curious.
Activities
Critical vocabulary: Students identify words connected with identity, diversity, stereotypes, communication, and values.
Agree/Disagree: Use sentences from the text to create a four-corner discussion: Strongly agree / Agree / Disagree / Strongly disagree.
Final speaking task: Students complete: “Before learning about America, I thought…, but now I think…” and support their ideas with examples.