Compendium of plants used in Traditional Wine
Ethnobotanical research on the preparation of traditional alcoholic beverages by Ahom, Bodo, Karbi and Mishing ethnic communities of Assam, India was done. Along with the information on preparation, the plant species associated with the preparation of alcoholic beverages are also recorded. Field investigations were conducted to cover 32 villages of six districts of Assam, India. The data was generated from 202 respondents using participatory rural appraisal tools including semi-structured questionnaires and personal interviews. The plant species were collected, identified and submitted in the Herbarium of Rajiv Gandhi University, Arunachal Pradesh, India. The study recorded 129 plants falling under 107 genera and 54 families which are exclusively used for the preparation of alcoholic beverages by the studied communities. The study confirmed that the association of traditional alcoholic beverages with their rich indigenous knowledge.. The finding also revealed varied forms of protocol followed by these tribes to prepare traditional liquors and the starter cakes for brewing of alcohol were prepared locally. However, the Mishing tribe was known to prepare unique rice beer known as Po:ro apong, as the preparation technique and extraction process of this liquor was slightly different. Distillation of alcohol was also observed in all the communities except the Ahom. The rich traditional knowledge of brewing alcohol and the plant species used in the process were worth documenting considering the on-going alteration of traditional society with the modernization.
নেপথ্য: এই গৱেষণা পত্ৰখনত অসমৰ বিভিন্ন মুখ্য জনজাতিসমুহে (আহোম, বড়ো, কাৰ্বি, মিচিং)প্ৰস্তুত কৰা পৰম্পৰাগত মদিৰাৰ লগত জড়িত বিভিন্ন উদ্ভিদৰ ভিন্ন গুনৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছে।
কাৰ্য প্ৰণালী: অক্টোবৰ ২০১৯ ৰ পৰা মাৰ্চ, ২০২০ লৈ বাক্সা, শোণিতপুৰ, বিশ্বনাথ, গোলাঘাট, লখিমপুৰ, শিৱসাগৰৰ সৰ্বমুঠ ৩২ খন গাঁৱৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰা হয়। সৰ্বমুঠ ২০২ জন লোকৰ পৰা তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হয়। ইয়াৰ লগত জড়িত উদ্ভিদসমূহৰ চিনাক্তকৰন কৰাৰ পিচত, অৰুণাচলৰ ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ, হাৰবেৰিয়ামত জমা দিয়া হয়।
ফলাফল: এই অধ্যয়ণৰ পৰা মুঠ ১০৭ গণৰ, ৫৪ টা গোত্ৰৰ সৰ্বমুঠ ১২৯ বিধ উদ্ভিদ প্ৰজাতিৰ চিনাক্ত কৰা হয়। যিবোৰ মদিৰাৰ প্ৰস্তুত প্ৰণালীত ব্যৱহাৰ হয়। মিচিং লোক সকলে প্ৰস্তুত কৰা পঃৰঃ আপং অলপ পৃথক। অন্যহাতে আহোমৰ বাহিৰে সকলো জনজাতীয় মদিৰাৰ প্ৰস্তুত প্ৰণালীত বাস্প ঘণীভূতকৰণ পদ্ধতি অৱলম্বন কৰা হয়।
সামৰণি: পৰম্পৰাগত মদিৰা প্ৰস্তুত প্ৰণালীৰ লগত জড়িত জনজাতীয় লোকসকলৰ পৰম্পৰাগত জ্ঞান অতি উচ্চখাপৰ। বৰ্তমানৰ আধুনিক জীৱনশৈলীৰ লগত ইয়াক লিপিবদ্ধ কৰাটো অতি জৰুৰী।
মুখ্য শব্দাৱলী: মদিৰা, পৰম্পৰাগত জ্ঞান, উদ্ভিদৰ ব্যৱহাৰিক জ্ঞান, উত্তৰ পূৱ ভাৰত, জনজাতীয় সমাজ।
Achyranthes aspera, Uvota hoth (A)
Acmella oleracea, Huhoni bon (A)
Acmella paniculata, Huhoni bon (A)
Actinodaphne sp., Baghnola pat (A)
Alternanthera sessilis, Matikaduri (A)
Amaranthus viridis, Khutura (A)
Ananas comosus, Anarokh/Mati-kathal (A), Rwimali (B)
Aporosa octandra, Khokora heloch (A)
Ardisia solanacea, Tuluthapoka (A)
Argyreia nervosa, Bridhodaroklota/Hunporuahlota/Tukoriyaalu (A)
Artocarpus chama, Sam kathal (A)
Artocarpus heterophyllus, Belang (M), Kothal (A), Khatol/Khanthal (B)
Averrhoa carambola, Kordoi (A)
Bambusa tulda, Baah pat (A)
Bonnaya ciliata, Kasidaria/ Horukasi-doriya (A)
Bonnaya ruellioides, Bor kasi-doriya (A)
Callicarpa arborea, Tangloti (A)
Callicarpa longifolia, Gorokhiyakorai (A)
Cannabis sativa, Bhang gos (A)
Capsicum annuum, Jolokia (A)
Capsicum frutescens, Mirsi (M)
Centella asiatica, Bor mani-muni (A)
Chloranthus elatior, Gathikaliya (A)
Cinnamomum bejolghota, Patihunda/Naga dalseni (A)
Cinnamomum tamala, Tezpat (A)
Cinnamomum verum, Dalseni pat (A)
Cissampelos pareira, Bor tubukilota (A)
Citrus × limon, Nemutenga (A)
Clematis apiifolia, Horusoi/ Horugoropsoi (A), Ramnam bon (M)
Clematis zeylanica, Gop-sori/Soi pan/Gorobsoi (A)
Clerodendrum colebrookeanum, Nefafu (A), Mwkhwna (B)
Clerodendrum infortunatum, Dhopattita (A), Pakkom (M), Samaki (G)
Commelina benghalensis, Kona himolu (A)
Cordyline fruticosa, Panormahi (A)
Coriandrum sativum, Dhania (M)
Crassocephalum crepidioides, Bon kopahi (A)
Croton caudatus Geiseler, Lotamahudi/Mahudi (A)
Croton joufra, Gochmahudi (A), Marthu (K)
Curcuma longa, Halodhi (A)
Cuscuta reflexa, Rabonlota (M)
Cyanthillium cinereum, Hohodevi bon (A)
Cynodon dactylon, Dubori bon (A)
Cyper usmindorensis, Keya bon (A)
Desmodium sp., Bionihabota (A)
Drymaria cordata, Lai jabori (A), Dobag/ porog-tape (M)
Eclipta prostrata, Kehraj (A)
Eryngium foetidum, Maandhania (A)
Ethulia conyzoides, Bon-jira (A)
Eurya acuminata, Murmuri pat (A)
Flemingia strobilifera, Makhioti (A, M)
Glochidion zeylanicum var. tomentosum, Pani madhuri (A)
Grewia serrulata, Kukurhuta (A)
Grona triflora, Goyona bon (A)
Hellenia speciosa, Jomlakhuti (M)
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Leunaapum (M), Joba (A)
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Horumani-muni (A)
Ixora polyantha, Dhepaijamu/Matikathalua (A)
Jasminum sp., Duamali (A)
Leea indica, Kukurathengia (A)
Leucas aspera, Durun bon (A), Khansisa (B)
Lippia alba, Pohukata (M)
Litsea glutinosa, Ganhualu (A)
Litsea monopetala, Tapid (M)
Litsea nitida, Kothlua pat (A)
Litsea salicifolia, Dighloti pat (A)
Lygodium flexuosum, Kapau-dhekia (A), Tisurkosang (M)
Macaranga indica, Sikamorolia pat (A)
Maesa chisia, Rajmoni (A)
Maesa indica, Ouwapat/Maspua/Checuriya (A)
Melastoma malabathricum, Phutkola (A)
Mesua ferrea, Nahor (A)
Mimosa pudica, Lajuki bon (A)
Morinda angustifolia, Aasugoch, Daruhoridra pat (A)
Morus rubra, Nuni (A)
Murraya koenigii, Norohingha (A)
Musa balbisiana, Bhimkol (A)
Mussaenda roxburghii, Naga bali/Sorairatha (A), Bose (B)
Nelsonia canescens, Udbhedeli/Baghkaniya (A)
Olax acuminata, Kopohua (A)
Oldenlandia corymbosa, Bon jaluk (A)
Ophiorrhiza sp., Nakulastha/Harpo shree/Matirahipora (A)
Oryza sativa, Dhan (A)
Oxalis debilis, Tengesi (A)
Peperomia pellucida, Panounua (A)
Persicaria chinensis, Madhuhuleng (A)
Persicaria glabra, Bisongali (B)
Persicaria hydropiper, Leubo (M), Pothoruabihlongani (A)
Persicaria microcephala, Nekungkune (M)
Persicaria perfoliata, Baghaasur/ Baghasura (A)
Phyllanthus fraternus, Bon aamlokhi (A)
Physalis angulata, Pokmou (A)
Piper betle, Paan (M)
Piper longum, Pipolee (A)
Piper nigrum, Jaluk (A)
Piper sp., Aauni pan (A)
Plantago asiatica, Hinga pat (A)
Plumbago zeylanica, Achetra (M)
Pogostemon benghalensis, Hukloti (A)
Potentilla indica, Gorukhis (A)
Pouzolzia zeylanica, Boralibakua (A)
Pseuderanthemum latifolium, Athutangana/Hohakoniya/Pastel flower (A)
Psidium guajava, Madhuri (A)
Psychotria sp., Pani mudoi/Pani-moori (A)
Rotheca serrata, Nangalvonga (A)
Rubus moluccanus, Jetelipoka (A)
Rumex maritimus, Lo baruah (A)
Saccharum officinarum, Kuhiyar (A), Khaser (B)
Scoparia dulcis, Senibon/Senigutigoch/Bon tulokhi/Modhumehari (A), Jaluk bon (M), Dongfangrakheb (B)
Selaginella sp., Khunkhuni dhekia (A)
Sida rhombifolia, Hoon barial (A)
Smilax ovalifolia, Tikoni baruah (A)
Sohmaea laxiflora, Beoni-haputa/Beonihabota/Ulutakhot (A)
Solanum americanum, Loskosi (A)
Solanum nigrum, Bhekuri (A)
Solena heterophylla, Belipoka,Ghukusmoi (A)
Sphagneticola trilobata, Bhringraj (A)
Spondias pinnata, Omora (A)
Stellaria media, Morolia (A)
Stenochlaena palustris, Dhekia loti (A)
Stephania rotunda, Hortubukilota/Tubukilota (A), Nginti (M)
Stixis suaveolens, Madhoimalati (A)
Streblus asper, Houra pat (A)
Tetracera sarmentosa, Ou lata (A)
Thelypteris parasitica, Bihlongoni (A), Sarath (G), Dingkhia (B)
Thunbergia grandiflora, Hetaloti/Kauri thutialota (A)
Tinospora cordifolia, Amrita (M), Hogunilota (A)
Vitex negundo, Posotia (A)
Zanthoxylum nitidum, Tezmui/Tezmoori (A)
Zingiber officinale, Ada (A)
Extracted from: Borah D, Gogoi T, Sarma J, Borah PJ, Gohain B, Mili C, Upadhyaya A, Basumatary J, Neog K, Wangpan T, Tangjang S. 2021. Compendium of plants used for preparation of traditional alcoholic beverages by different major ethnic communities of Assam, Northeast India. Biodiversitas 22: 2019-2031.