A. 5-oxopentanoic acid
B. 5-hydroxyheptanoic acid
C. 4-phenylbutanoic acid
D. 5-hexenoic acid
E. 3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanedioic acid
F. 2-isobutyl-5,5-dimethylhexanoic acid
G. 4-[1-bromoethyl]heptanoic acid
H. 4-methyl-8-oxo-3-nonenoic acid
I. 2-hydroxy-4-hexenedioic acid
J. 5-sec-butyl-8-oxooctanoic acid
K. 2-ethyl-6-oxo-2-heptenoic acid
L. 4-isopropyl-2,4-heptadienoic acid
A. benzoyl bromide
B. methyl benzoate
C. isopropyl 2-methylbutanoate
D. methyl 3-methylbutanoate
E. ethyl 3-methyl-2-hexenoate
F. tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
G. ethyl 2-methyl-5-oxohexanoate
H. 5-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methylpentanoic acid
I. 5-oxo-3-hexenoyl bromide
J. 5-bromocarbonylpentanoic acid
K. 3-methylbutanoic propanoic anhydride
L. propyl 3-ethyl-3-pentenoate
M. butanoic 2-butenoic anhydride
N. 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxoheptanoyl chloride
O. N-methyl-N-propyl isobutanamide
P. isobutanamide or 2-methylpropanamide
Q. N-ethyl benzamide
R. N,N-dimethyl-2-pentenamide
These reactions have an acid catalyst to protonate the carbonyl oxygen first and allow attack by the neutral nucleophile. "With a weaker, neutral nucleophile an acid catalyst needs to be added. This results in protonation occurring before the nucleophilic attack. "