Affective & Non-Cognitive Issues

As college students grapple with the rising costs of classes and books, mortgaging their futures with student loans in exchange for a diploma they're gambling will someday pay off, it turns out many of them are in great financial peril in the present, too.

Accurate assessment, effective academic advising, and appropriate placement are critical components of successful developmental education programs (Boylan, 2002; McCabe, 2000; Morante, 1989). Assessment is necessary in order to determine what student skills need to be developed. Advising is necessary to ensure that students know what assessment results mean and why they need to be placed in specific courses.

Affective assessment can offer college advisors some insight into a student’s motivation, attitude, autonomy, or anxiety about his or her upcoming college learning experience (Saxon, Levine-Brown, & Boylan, 2008). It is argued that these factors may be as important to student success as academic skills and preparation (Sedlacek, 2004). Various assessment instruments and/or combinations of instruments can assist college administrators in understanding students.

While increasing numbers of students have gained access to higher education during the last several decades, postsecondary persistence and academic success remain serious concerns with only about half of college entrants completing degrees. Given concerns about affordability and resources, policymakers and administrators wonder how financial aid impacts student outcomes, particularly among low-income students.

You don’t have to look far to find them. Here’s what they want you to know.

The goal of the literature review was to develop a coherent and evidence-based framework for considering the role of noncognitive factors in increasing student attainment and to identify critical gaps in the knowledge base and in the link between research and practice.

In discourse on student learning in school settings, “non-cognitive skills” refers to a group of skills and attributes that, although difficult to define and measure, are widely acknowledged to be essential for student success.

Against the backdrop of traditional measures of college readiness (i.e., high school GPA, standardized test scores, and high school rank), the consideration of “non-cognitive” factors marked a significant departure when they were first discussed as integral aspects of college success. Used to refer to any characteristic, ability or disposition that was theorized to affect college success or retention, the term “non-cognitive” became a kind of a catchall for any variables beyond those “cognitive” or “intellectual” variables listed above. However, the term “non-cognitive” is now and has always been a misnomer, used to refer to a vast array of constructs, many of which reflect cognitive process.