SDG multipliers & buffers

policymaking must be based on the biophysical, social and economic systems at appropriate scale.

3 levels:

1. policy-level: pointing to conflicting worldviews and priorities;

2. level of allocation of resources for SDG specific actions

3. systemic interactions between social-ecological systems that have unintended consequences for other SDGs.

if the pursuit of one SDG impacts one part of the Earth system, direct and indirect interactions with other subsystems may alter the available space achievement of the others.

For example, if agricultural production is intensified with chemical fertiliser, the additional yield can provide co-benefits in terms
of local food security (or industrial use?)
as well as trade activities (how are the profit shred?)
At the same time however, use of fertilisers might degrade the quality of water downstream and cause significant health harms within [the local and] distant communities. [Biodiversity loss and loss of other natural services].

under business as usual scenarios, policymakers tend to prioritising achieving each their separately considered goals, making intervention at resource level that brign about unintended effects in the social-ecological world.

By contrast, pursuing policy coherent to implement SDGs implies an inverted approach:
first seeking to understand dynamics and interactions in social-ecological systems;
only then considering how to allocate various capacities and financial resources - governance.