2.5 The Demographic Transition Model

In Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM), death rates are low and birth rates are decreasing.

Demographic Transition: Bangladesh was in the late stages of the third phase. This means that:

• Birth rates were on a declining trend but still relatively high. This decline was due to factors such as increased awareness of family planning, access to contraceptives, and changing societal norms.

• Death rates had significantly dropped, primarily thanks to improvements in healthcare infrastructure and sanitation facilities. Access to better medical care and a reduced prevalence of diseases contributed to this decline in mortality.

• The rate of population growth was gradually slowing down, indicating that Bangladesh was progressing towards a more stable population structure.

Epidemiological Transition: Bangladesh was in the third stage. This means:

• The prevalence of diabetes increased, with approximately 7.1 million adults living with the condition by 2017. This rise was attributed to changing diets, increased sedentary lifestyles, and urbanization.

• Malaria cases significantly decreased, thanks to the widespread distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, and improved diagnosis and treatment. 

•  Efforts were made to improve the health of mothers and children The introduction of vaccination for pregnant women helped reduce maternal tetanus cases, and vaccination programs led to increased coverage for children, reducing diseases like measles.