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Forced Migration with Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, recent forced migration has been largely driven by the impacts of climate change. Climate change is causing disruptions in traditional rain patterns, leading to droughts in some areas and unexpected heavy rains in others. Rising sea levels are causing saltwater intrusion in coastal farming areas, threatening to permanently submerge large areas. Over the past decade, an average of nearly 700,000 Bangladeshis have been displaced annually due to natural disasters, with higher numbers during catastrophic cyclones like 2009's Aila, which affected millions and caused more than 200 deaths. Even in calmer years, displacement is increasing due to sea-level rise, erosion, saltwater intrusion, crop failures, and recurring flooding, making coastal living increasingly unsustainable. This forced migration is a significant ongoing challenge for Bangladesh.
A woman in Bangladesh uses bales of straw to try to protect a riverbank that is eroding away from floodwaters. Much of the country is ground zero for a global climate crisis.
Forida Khatun stands behind her house in Gabura, Bangladesh, in November. Two of her sons migrated to Dhaka after the family home was destroyed by storms multiple times and agricultural jobs were lost due to salinity intrusion. “Only Allah can save us," she says. "We don’t have any power to save our children.”
Volunteered Migration with Bangladesh
Many Bangladeshis opt for short-term labor migration, often to countries in the Middle East and Southeast Asia, where they can work in various sectors such as construction, agriculture, hospitality, and domestic services. These short-term migrants typically work under fixed-term contracts and send remittances back home, which contribute significantly to the country's economy. The income earned abroad is used to support their families, invest in education, and improve their overall quality of life.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-663-09529-3_8
Showing that migrant worker numbers increased from 6,087 to 530,578 between years 1976 and 2020.
The graph illustrates that remittances from Bangladeshi workers abroad, a result of voluntary migration, make up a portion of the country's GDP, export income, and foreign earnings, underscoring the economic significance of overseas employment.
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