The use of different shading/coloring/patterns inorder to display location or data. 

EX: Use of different shades of orange/red/yellow to indicate population by state in Mexico

uses dots to represent the presence, quantity, or concentration of a feature or data point in a specific area

EX: Uses dots to show the distribution of population speaking indigenous languages in Mexico 

position of a place or an area in relation to other places or areas. It often involves directional or relational terms, like 'north of', 'near'

EX: Mexico is south of the USA and north of Guatemala and Belize. 

EX: Mexico is bordered to the east by the Gulf of Mexico, part of the Atlantic Ocean.

Precise geographic coordinates of a specific point on the Earth's surface (Longitude and latitude)

EX: Mexico is located between approximately 14° to 33° North latitude and 86° to 119° West longitude.

  EX: The ancient Mayan city of Chichen Itza is found at the coordinates of around 20.9676 degrees north latitude and 89.6237 degrees west longitude.

How close or far away places seem to be from each other based on factors other than physical distance, such as travel time, cost, or level of social connection

EX: About a 3-hour flight north from Mexico City: The city of Tijuana welcomes you with its unique border culture and coastal vibes.

EX: Around a 4-hour drive south of Monterrey: San Luis Potosí awaits, offering a change of scenery and culture within a day's journey.

Absolute distance refers to the exact measurement of space between two points, often using a standard unit of measurement like miles, kilometers, meters, etc. 

EX: The absolute distance between Mexico City and Cancún is approximately 1,160 miles (1,870 kilometers) in a straight line.

EX: Around 1,400 miles away from Mexico City: The charming city of Cabo San Lucas invites you to its scenic beauty at the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula.

Relative direction describes the position of one thing in relation to another. Like saying "left," "right," "ahead," or "behind."

EX: Moving to the left side of a map from Mexico City, you'll find the Pacific Coast. 

EX: Moving down the map from Tijuana, you'll reach the Baja California Peninsula's southern tip

Absolute direction refers to the cardinal points on a compass—north, south, east, and west—which provide a clear and fixed orientation regardless of your location.

EX: While in Playa del Carmen and facing west, you're looking out towards the vast expanse of the Caribbean Sea, where adventures on the water await.

EX: From the bustling city of Guadalajara, journeying east would lead you to the captivating landscapes of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains.

When objects on a map are found close together in groups.

EX: The circles on the map are shown to be clustered together inorder to show the employment increase and decrease . 

When objects on a map are spread out over an area, not grouped closely together.

EX: The dots display the population (thousands) are dispersed 

The distance above sea level

      EX: The amount of meters above sea level on a map displaying Mexico