Project 4A&B

Section 2
The United Nations, its property and assets wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall enjoy immunity from every form of legal process except insofar as in any particular case it has expressly waived its immunity. It is, however, understood that no waiver of immunity shall extend to any measure of execution.

Section 3
The premises of the United Nations shall be inviolable. The property and assets of the United Nations, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action.

Sección 2
Las Naciones Unidas, sus bienes y haberes, dondequiera que se encuentren y por quienquiera que estén en posesión, gozarán de inmunidad frente a toda forma de procedimiento legal, salvo en la medida en que, en un caso particular, haya renunciado expresamente a dicha inmunidad. No obstante, se entiende que ninguna renuncia de inmunidad se extenderá a medidas de ejecución.

Sección 3
Los locales de las Naciones Unidas serán inviolables. Los bienes y haberes de las Naciones Unidas, dondequiera que se encuentren y por quienquiera que estén en posesión, estarán exentos de registro, requisa, confiscación, expropiación y de cualquier otra forma de interferencia, ya sea por acción ejecutiva, administrativa, judicial o legislativa.

Modulation: In English: “by whomsoever held”, in Spanish: “por quienquiera que estén en posesión”. This shifts the structure to fit Spanish syntax while retaining the legal tone. 

Equivalence: The legal phrase “enjoy immunity” becomes “gozar de inmunidad”, a set expression in legal Spanish. 

Transposition: The phrase is restructured from passive to reflexive construction, adapting to natural Spanish legal expression. 

Literal translation: Both the terms and structure are identical due to shared legal terminology in both languages. 

Equivalence: The term “immune from” becomes “exentos de”, commonly used in legal Spanish. 

Literal translation: Maintains structure and listing of government actions exactly as in the source, common in formal documents. 

Artículo 3.
La educación en la República tiene como finalidad principal el desarrollo integral del educando dentro de una concepción científica, ética, cívica y humanística del mundo, orientada al fortalecimiento de la identidad nacional, la práctica de valores morales y el ejercicio pleno de la ciudadanía.

Artículo 10.
El sistema educativo panameño garantiza el respeto a todas las corrientes del pensamiento, y promueve la libertad de conciencia, de expresión y de enseñanza. La educación será democrática y estará basada en la participación activa de todos los sectores que la conforman, sin discriminación alguna.

Article 3.
Education in the Republic has as its main purpose the integral development of the student within a scientific, ethical, civic, and humanistic conception of the world, aimed at strengthening national identity, practicing moral values, and exercising full citizenship.

Article 10.
The Panamanian educational system guarantees respect for all currents of thought and promotes freedom of conscience, expression, and teaching. Education shall be democratic and based on the active participation of all involved sectors, without any discrimination.

Modulation: “del educando” → “of the student” changes the formal noun into a more natural, target-oriented expression. 

Literal translation: List and structure are retained since both languages share academic vocabulary. 

Transposition: Shift from adjective → verb construction (orientada al → aimed at). 

Equivalence: Set legal/educational expressions adapted to idiomatic English. 

.

Calque (loan structure): currents of thought preserves the metaphorical phrasing used in Spanish. .

Literal translation: Structure retained for formal consistency. 

Transposition: Switch of verb tense and mood to reflect legal future tense norms in English. 

Literal translation: Exact equivalence due to shared legal and human rights terminology.