FINALS COMMENTS

Throughout this course, working with a variety of texts — from novel chapter analyses and news headlines to international laws — made it possible to strengthen and apply a broad range of translation techniques. Translating consistently from Spanish into English required not only mastery of vocabulary and grammar in both languages, but also a special sensitivity to context, register, and the original communicative intent.

In literary texts, such as chapter analyses, techniques like modulation (to adjust perspectives and points of view), equivalence (to recreate idiomatic expressions or metaphors), and amplification (when implicit information needed to be made explicit for the target reader) were frequently used.

For news headlines, adaptation was essential to maintain brevity and impact, along with transposition to reorganize grammatical structures without losing the original meaning.

In the case of legal and international documents, calque was often applied to preserve the structure and terms typical of legal discourse, literal translation was used in technical passages, and borrowing was employed for proper names or institutional terms without an exact equivalent.

This work demonstrated that there is no single “correct” technique; rather, the choice depends on factors such as text type, target audience, and communicative purpose. Overall, the experience strengthened not only linguistic precision but also the ability to think critically and make strategic decisions when translating