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How Can Surveys be used to Assess Factors that Contribute to Nursing Workplace Satisfaction?
(Houston, 2019)
Why Surveys to Answer this Problem?
Best suited for studies that have people as the individual unit of analysis
Gain access to the unobservable
Structured or closed questions provide quantitative data easily coded for analysis
Unstructured or open questions allow for in depth, unique responses that facilitate qualitative research
(Bhattacherjee, 2012; Parfitt, 2013)
Surveys Found in Current Research to Assess Nursing Workplace Satisfaction:
Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1981)
Measures three components of burnout utilizing a five-point Likert scale
Emotional exhaustion
Depersonalization
Personal accomplishment
Used by Vermeir et al. (2018) to assess job satisfaction among critical care nurses
Used by Danaci and Koç (2020) to assess the association of job satisfaction and burnout in relation to individualized care perceptions of nurses
Used by Gonderen & Bengu (2020) to identify job satisfaction, burnout, and depression in level 2 and level 3 intensive care units
Minnesota Satisfaction Scale (Weiss et al., 1967)
Measures internal and external satisfaction factors, using five-point Likert Scale
Has two forms, a large comprehensive version and short (20 question version)
Also sed by Danaci and Koç (2020) to assess the association of job satisfaction and burnout in relation to individualized care perceptions of nurses
Discussed by Adamopoulos (2022) in their review of job satisfaction in public healthcare sector
Used as one of two questionnaires be Savitsky et al. (2021) to survey nursing occupational satisfaction during to COVID-19 pandemic
Also used by Gonderen & Bengu (2020) to identify job satisfaction, burnout, and depression in level 2 and level 3 intensive care units
Surveys Found in Current Research Developed to Assess Nursing Workplace Satisfaction:
Nursing Workplace Satisfaction Questionnaire (Fairbrother et al., 2009)
Developed to accommodate intrinsic, extrinsic, and relational factors associated with nursing workplace satisfaction
Developed questionnaire of 18 combination questions
All were generalized, positive statements and questionnaire is ‘select all that apply’ in nature
Factor analysis was used to isolate the three main concepts (intrinsic, extrinsic, and relational) in the data
Results compared from the study were replicated in a one year follow up, contributing to internal consistency and replicability
Utilized by Borrott et al. (2020) as one of three scales to identify quantitative values of ‘nursing student belongingness and workplace satisfaction’
Clipart Image. (Microsoft Word, 2021)
Reviews & Recommendations for Nursing Workplace Questionnaires:
Norman & Sjetne (2017) completed a scoping review of questionnaires utilized to assess nursing perceptions of work environments, they determined:
Questionnaires on this topic are usually split to assess the perceptions of a specific healthcare worker subgroup (i.e. registered nurses, licenced practical nurses, health care aides, etc.), most are created with the target population of registered nurses
Questionnaires on this topic are mostly devised to assess acute care settings, while long term care facilities are the second most popular population setting
Questionnaires assessed for this review ranged from 14 to 105 questions
The most frequent response format was a Likert scale format
The Nursing Work Index is deemed most common questionnaire to address work environment (not necessarily workplace satisfaction); it is becoming less relevant in contemporary settings due to the age of the survey
Bae (2011) established domains to consider when addressing nursing work conditions (and resulting job satisfaction):
Autonomy
Quality care
Nursing participation
Supportive management
Collaboration with physicians and peers
Staffing and resource adequacy
Open involvement in unit decision making
Patient centered climate
Busyness
In Future Survey Development:
It is vital to clarify and define the outcome being measured (the research problem). This includes standardizing the definition of each construct being measured. As job satisfaction is a qualitative measure, previously developed questionnaires on this topic have varied definitions of the topic and constructs used to measure the research problem, which can lead to limitations in further research on such topics.
(Norman & Sjetne, 2017)
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