Embedded Files
Lessons
How can you describe motion?
What are forces?
What are Newton's laws of motion?
What are simple machines?
Vocabulary
velocity
force
work
power
equilibrium
inertia
acceleration
machine
What students need to know
● Students understand that forces can cause an object to start, stop, change speed or direction.
● Students explain how factors including gravity, change in mass, and friction cause changes to an object’s motion.
○ Gravity- a non-contact force, pulls all objects towards the center of the Earth.
○ Change in mass- increase/decrease in mass requires increase/decrease in force needed to change motion
○ Friction- is a contact force that is created anytime two surfaces move or try to move across each other.
■ Students know friction opposes motion causing moving objects to slow down or stay in place.
■ Students explain how increasing or decreasing friction changes an object’s motion.
● Students know the greater a force is, the greater the change in motion it produces. The greater the mass of the object being acted on, the less the effect of the same force.
What students need to do
● Plan and Carry out Investigations- Students plan and conduct an investigation collaboratively to produce data (e.g., mass of objects) to serve as the basis for evidence (e.g. change in motion), using fair tests in which variables are controlled and the number of trials considered.
● Ask Questions- Students ask questions about what would happen if a variable is changed.
● Construct an explanation- Students construct an explanation of observed relationships to explain how a force (e.g., gravity, change in mass, friction) affects the motion of objects.
What students need to be able to answer
● What does the pattern of data you observe allow you to conclude from the experiment? (e.g., increasing friction is slowing the motion of the object)
● What do you predict would happen if we changed the mass of the object? (more mass = more friction, more mass = more force needed to change the motion of the object)
● How would increasing/decreasing friction on an object affect the motion of an object? (slows down or speeds up)
● How could you increase/decrease the friction experienced by an object? (make a rougher/smoother surface)
● Explain a scenario when you would want to decrease or increase friction. (polished surface for bowling, tread on your shoes when playing basketball)
● Use a diagram and arrows to show the direction (towards the center of the Earth) gravity pulls on a ship sailing in the ocean after it disappears over the horizon (the ship would continue to sail as gravity pulls all objects towards the center of the Earth no matter where they are located)
Which words students need to know
gravity, friction, mass, motion, force, increasing, decreasing, speed, direction, non-contact
Lesson 1, How can you describe motion?
What is motion?
What does constant mean?
What is speed?
What is average speed?
What is the formula for average speed?
What is velocity?
What is the average speed for traveling 100 miles in X hours?
What distance is covered if the average speed is X miles per hour, covered in X hours?
What time is covered if the average speed is X miles per hour, and the distance is X kilometers?
Lesson 2, What are forces?
What is a force?
What is the measurement for force?
What is gravity?
What is weight?
What happens to weight you increase elevation?
What happens to the velocity of a falling object?
What effect does gravity have on a pendulum?
What are examples of forces that cause motion without touching an object?
What is friction?
What effect does friction have on motion?
Lesson 3, What are Newton's laws of motion?
What is Isaac Newton noted for?
What are net forces?
What is an example of an unbalanced force?
What is equilibrium?
What is inertia?
What is an example of inertia?
Which objects have more inertia?
What is acceleration?
What causes objects accelerate fast?
What is an example of action-reaction?
Lesson 4, What are simple machines?
What are machines?
What is a simple machine?
What are examples of simple machines?
What are examples of pulleys?
What are examples of wheel and axles?
What are examples of levers?
What are examples of inclined planes?
What are complex machines?
What are examples of complex machines?
Study Guide for Test
Study Guide for Test
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
velocity
force
work
power
equilibrium
inertia
machine
Concepts
Concepts
Motion - types
Speed and Velocity - formula
Forces - gravity, electricity, and magnetism
Friction - how it changes speed
Work - Power - Time - Force
Newton's 3 Laws of Motion
Simple machines - pulley, wheel and axle, lever, inclined plane
Complex machines
EOG Questions - 5.P.1.1 Forces in Motion
EOG Questions - 5.P.1.1 Forces in Motion
1. A pencil falls off of a desk. What moves the pencil toward the floor?
a. mass b. friction
c. gravity d. speed
2. A child rides a wagon down a hill. Eventually, the wagon comes to a stop. Which is most responsible for causing the wagon to stop?
a. gravity acting on the wagon
b. friction acting on the wagon
c. the mass of the wagon
d. the mass of the child
3. A wagon is pushed in a straight line. How would an increase in friction on the wagon wheels affect the wagon?
a. It would cause the wagon to move faster.
b. It would cause the wagon to change mass.
c. It would cause the wagon to change direction.
d. It would cause the wagon to slow down.
4. Which best explains why a bicycle slows down when its brakes are applied?
a. The brakes heat the rubber on the bicycle tires.
b. The brakes add energy to the bicycle.
c. The brakes increase the force of gravity on the bicycle.
d. The brakes cause frictional forces on the wheels of the bicycle.
5. A ball is kicked and rolls along a level field until it comes to a stop. What is most responsible for the ball coming to a stop?
a. air
b. gravity
c. mass
d. friction
6. What causes a wagon to speed up when going down a hill?
a. gravity
b. friction
c. air pressure
d. mass
7. A girl walked for 30 minutes. She noticed that she traveled farther in the first 15 minutes of her walk than in the second 15 minutes. What can she conclude about her walk?
a. She walked over many hills.
b. Her average speed was faster during the first half of her walk.
c. She walked in two different directions.
d. She was walking at a constant speed.
8. What can cause a moving object to increase its speed in a forward direction?
a. a force pushing on the object from the opposite direction
b. a force that continually acts on the object in the direction the object is moving
c. an increase in the mass of the object
d. a decrease in the mass of the object
9. A runner measured the time it took him to run 5 km. What can he calculate from the distance and time measurements?
a. direction
b. mass
c. speed
d. force
10. If a car is moving backward along a road, can its speed be measured?
a. Yes, it can, because the car does not have friction acting on it.
b. Yes, it can, because the car travels a distance in a certain amount of time.
c. No, it cannot, because speed can only be measured if the car is moving forward.
d. No, it cannot, because the distance traveled backward by a car cannot be measured.
11. Scientists discover an asteroid that is moving through space. What information is needed to determine the average speed of the asteroid?
a. the mass and size of the asteroid
b. the distance the asteroid is from Earth
c. the direction the asteroid is moving and its distance from Earth
d. how far the asteroid has moved in 24 hours
12. A bowling ball moves across a flat surface at 7 feet per second. If a student is asked to calculate the total distance traveled by the ball, what other information does the student need to know?
a. amount of friction between the ball and the surface
b. amount of force applied to the ball
c. total time the ball rolled
d. mass of the ball
13. Four solid balls, each with a different mass, are moving at the same speed. Which ball would require the most force to stop its motion?
a. ball with a mass of 5 kg
b. ball with a mass of 10 kg
c. ball with a mass of 15 kg
d. ball with a mass of 20 kg
14. Which best describes the speed of a ball as it is thrown straight up into the air and comes back down?
a. The ball goes up at a constant speed, stops, then comes down at a constant speed.
b. The ball goes up at a constant speed, stops, and increases speed as it comes down.
c. The ball goes slower and slower as it goes up, stops, and then goes faster and faster as it comes down.
d. The ball goes slower and slower as it goes up, stops, and then comes down at a constant speed.
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