Reading

Schmidt & Brown (2021). Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses:

• Chapter 5.4: Keeping It Ethical

APA-related Websites:

• Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL):

• APA Style by American Psychological Association

UW Bothell Library:

• APA Citation Style Guide

• APA Citing & Writing Guides

Objective

• Review the APA (American Psychological Association) style citations

• Recognize plagiarism and describe paraphrasing

General Format for a Scholarly Journal Article

Authors. (published year). Title of article. Journal, volume # (issue #), page #. doi #

• doi = Digital Object Identifier

Citations for non-peer-reviewed non-research articles / evidence

• Look it up how to cite using APA manual / OWL

• Example: Interviews, Email, and other personal communication

  • Do not include in the reference list

  • Instead, parenthetically cite the communicator’s name, the phrase “personal communication”, and the date of the communication in your main text only

    • (e.g.). S. Roosma-Goldstein also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style (personal communication, October 8, 2020).

• Think about Evidence Hierarchy

  • If you want to use Level VII evidence, cite accordingly but be aware of limitations

    • Your professors will be paying attention!

Ethical Issues with Citation

• Plagiarism

  • = Using the ideas or words of another person and passing them off as your own

  • Could be done intentionally, through copying and pasting of words from articles, books, or websites

  • Or unintentionally by forgetting to cite a source, not giving proper credit to others' ideas, not using quotes appropriately, or failing to adequately paraphrase ideas in your own words

  • Additional resources

    • Campus Library at UW Bothell

    • The Purdue OWL Writing Lab has a great discussion and exercises to help you avoid plagiarism

      • Plagiarism Overview

        • Note that consequences for students can include failing grades on assignments, or classes, academic probation, and even expulsion

        • Academic misconduct policy at UW Bothell

      • Avoiding Plagiarism

• Paraphrasing

  • = Restating another's ideas or words in your own words after fully understanding the ideas

  • If you need to quote sentences verbatim, provide quotation marks around a phrase or shot passage from the item being citing

  • Changing one or two words in a sentence is not paraphrasing and can be considered plagiarism

• Copyright

  • = A set of legal rights given to a creator of a work providing ability to publish, distribute, reproduce, perform, and make derivatives of the work