Metaphysics is the the branch of philosophy responsible for the study of existence. 

It is the foundation of a worldview. It answers the question "What is?" It encompasses everything that exists, as well as the nature of existence itself. It says whether the world is real, or merely an illusion. It is a fundamental view of the world around us.

Ex. How can we know what is real or not?

Epistemology is the study of our method of acquiring knowledge. It answers the question, "How do we know?".

It encompasses the nature of concepts, the constructing of concepts, the validity of the senses, logical reasoning, as well as thoughts, ideas, memories, emotions, and all things mental. It is concerned with how our minds are related to reality, and whether these relationships are valid or invalid. 

Ex. Are the things we know true?

Ethics is the branch of study dealing with what is the proper course of action for man. It answers the question, "What do I do?" It is the study of right and wrong in human endeavors.

At a more fundamental level, it is the method by which we categorize our values and pursue them. Do we pursue our own happiness, or do we sacrifice ourselves to a greater cause? Is that foundation of ethics based on the Bible, or on the very nature of man himself, or neither?

Ex. How should one live his or her life?

Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and appreciation of art, beauty and good taste. 

It has also been defined as "critical reflection on art, culture and nature". The word "aesthetics" derives from the Greek "aisthetikos", meaning "of sense perception". 

Ex. Does art have meanings?

Logic is the branch of philosophy that looks into whether there are rules or principles that govern reasoning.

As a study of reasoning, logic incorporates analysis of the methods of deduction and induction to provide the rules on how people ought to think logically. Knowing the rules of logic gives a person the techniques to create sound arguments and avoid fallacious reasoning. Logic also increases one’s ability to reason correctly and distinguish irrational reasoning.

Ex. What is truth?