Humayun

Humayun

Babur was succeded by his son Humayn. Though a great conqueror, babur was not known for his administrative skill. He failed to consolidate his rule.The rule of Mughal had still to strike deep roots in the Indian soil,and bold vigorous leadership was needed for the purpose. Humayun was unable to meet the challenge,and his period of rule did not, in amy way ,lead to the consolidation of Mughal power in India. He had to face opposition from the Afghans nobles, Bahadur Shah of Gujrat and his own brothers. Sher Khan was the Afghan chief who posed the greatest challenge to Humayun. He was the governor of present -day Bihar and in AD 1531 declared his independence from Humayun.Humayun attacked him in Chunar in AD1531. Four months later, Humayun made peace and abadoned his siege so that he could attack Bahadur Shah in Gujrat.

Humayun marched against Bahadur Shah in AD 1534 and defeated him at Mundu and Champaner . But he had to rush to Bihar where Sher Khan and rises again.Humayun left the newly conquered territories in the care of his brother Askari and went east. Bahadur Shah acted quickly and re-occupied Gujrat and Malwa.

Sher Khan had captured Chunar fort and proclaimed himself the master of Bengal. He ransacked the treasury at Bengal and went back to Bihar. He inflicted a heavy defeat on Humayun in the Battle of Chausa in AD 1539. Humayun was finally defeated decisively by Sher Khan in 1540 in the Battle in Kanauj. Humayun had to flee the country. For 15yrs Humayun remained in exile in Persia. After the death of Sher Shah his successors werent able to prove themselves as a responsible as him; his last successor Islam Shah codified laws in his one year rule he was insignificant, this was the time which was appropriate for Humayun . After taking Kabul and Kandahar with the help of Shah of Persia, occupied Delhi and Agra in AD 1555. However ,he died the following year.

References- Std 7th Textbook of ICSE