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Ethics: Where Do We Start?
Simple put, ethics is the study of right and wrong. For the Army-Baylor program, philosophy is the primary source of determining medical ethics. There are four ethical theory concerns:
Who we ought to be: Virtue Ethics- Aristotle
What we ought to do: Deontology- Immanuel Kant
What ought to happen: Utilitarianism- Bentham and Stuart
The Big Picture
Below is an outline of a process of making an ethical decision:
Links of Personal Interest
There are four criteria for evaluation an Ethical Theory: Consistency, Plausibility, Usefulness and Justifiable. This makes sense! However, it is never easy, as people change and situations change. An ethical question or situation is never as simple as a 'critical path' or following an algorithm.
Virtue Ethics
Aristotle is considered the Father of Virtue Ethics. His model is based on the his 'Golden Mean'. Here it is in a snapshot:
Approaches to Clinical Ethics
The word clinical is from the Greek root word meaning 'bedside'. There are four principles (Principlism) of biomedical ethics proposed by Beauchamp and Childress in 1979.
Respect for Autonomy
Beneficence
Non-maleficence
Justice
Army-Baylor Framework
The Army-Baylor Healthcare Administration's Framework for Systematic Analysis of Ethical Dilemmas Model is below. It is an excellent roadmap to arrive at a decision in the midst of many competing interests.
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