Viscosity

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  Formation of thickened oil viscosity characteristics based on several compounding ingredients, significantly different in composition, physico-chemical properties and characteristics. Viscosity characteristics of motor multigrade oils are the result of the mixing of components such as: mineral base oils, high viscosity base oil type VHVI (Mogul NA 22/30, Nex Base 3050, Zenteum HC4, high viscosity viscosity modifier Infineum SV261, additives Infineum D3354 (in some brands Infineum D1180), depressant Infineum V351 and Viscoplex 1-24. Each of the mixed components has a certain effect on the final viscosity. apparently influenced components depressants (Infineum V351 and Viscoplex 1-24), involved in the process in small amounts can be neglected. But the role of the other ingredients in the formation of viscous characteristics is quite significant, and a viscosity modifier SV261 - defining.

Compounding components of oil is due to the occurrence of various physical and chemical processes:

• mixing of mineral and high viscosity base oil components;

• dissolving the polymer depressant and viscosity modifier;

• dissolution of organic synthesis products, which form the basis of the functional additive packages.

     The mechanisms of these processes are different in nature and effect of each of them on the formation of viscosity characteristics of the oil is very specific. Additionally, these mechanisms do not operate in isolation, some time sequence, and combinations thereof. For example, in the preparation of the base, gelled viscosity modifier, along with the dissolution of the polymer blending process proceeds base oil with a viscosity modifier, a diluent; dissolution of the active principle additives accompanied by a simultaneous mixing with oil diluent package.

     The actual process of preparation thickened motor oil consists of two stages:

• preparation of the thickened base - mixing mineral and high viscosity index

components with polymer additives (Infineum V351, Viscoplex 1-24, if necessary

PMS-200A) and high viscosity viscosity modifier:

• mixing of the thickened base of the main additive package Infineum D3354.

Differentiation in the fabrication process of the two stages is determined by differences in chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, functionality and components occurring during their mixing processes.

Viscosity transformation involved in the process technology products are defined at each stage specificity of processes of mixing of components. Describe the process of formation of viscous characteristics thickened engine oil dependence can not be a single particular. Apparently universal "key" to calculate the viscosity of mixtures of these oils suspended does not exist.

     Having sufficient experience in the production of motor oils thickened, however no information on the effect of viscous properties of the ingredients on the formation of viscous characteristics intermediates and marketable oil. These passports components oils only confirm their compliance with the requirements of quality.

     At the same time the urgent need for predicting the quality, and above all - viscosity, characteristics mastered in manufacturing and products is undeniable. Ensuring the optimal values ​​of viscosity characteristics of products on the basis of possible knowledge of the properties of the blend components, essentially proiskho¬dyaschih in process technology transformations viscosity and specific quantitative relationships.

     Set out below is an attempt to determine in real branch specific quantitative dependence of viscosity in the transformation process technology preparation thickened motor oil.

      The content of the following information:

1. The viscosity characteristics of the mixtures of base oils with a viscosity modifier Infineum SV261

2. The viscosity characteristics of the mixtures of base oils with viscosity modifier VHVI  InfineumSV261

3. Infineum SV261 modifier viscosity index

4. The additive package Infineum D3354 as a factor of viscosity characteristics

      motor oil 

   Harakteritiki mixtures viscosity base oils and fractions 350-420, 420-500 °C modifier from Infineum SV261 shown in Tables 1.1 and 1.2 as well as in Fig. 1.1 and 1.2. To simplify the perception we have introduced the concept of:

- An increase in viscosity of the mixture, as the difference between the viscosity of the thickened and the

  original database;

- Coefficient of viscosity increase (Ksv), as the ratio of the viscosity of the thickened base to 

   vyazkostiiskhodnogo product.

Table 1.1 viscosity of the mixture fraction of 350-420 and a viscosity modifier SV261

Table 1.2 viscosity of the mixture fraction of 420-500 and a viscosity modifier SV261

     As can be seen from the above data, the viscosity of the base oil with a specific amount of modifier, increasing the viscosity coefficient Ksv and specific viscosity increase in the bond "viscosity oil - content SV261 values ​​are highly individual. Based on this property viscosity modifier SV261, referred to in the passports as" thickening ability "or" kinematic viscosity mixture "should be considered only as a viscosity at 100 ° C, a specific base oil (presumably such VHVI) in a mixture of 10% modifier. This position is consistent with experimental results

High viscosity base oils Nex Base 3050, Mogul NS22 | 130 and Zenteum HC4, belonging to the group VHVI, used in the manufacture of synthetic and semi-synthetic multigrade engine oils. In consequence of the specificity of the chemical composition of these base oils, their viscosity properties in admixture with the viscosity modifier are essentially different from the mineral.

Tables 2.1,2.2,2.3 shown experimentally obtained values ​​of viscosity characteristics of mixtures with viscosity modifier base oils NexBase 3050, Mogul NS22 / 130 and Zenteum HC4. Table 2.4 - summary of the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C with mixtures SV261 components considered in the concentration range 5 - 15 wt%. The data in Table. 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 plotted in Fig. 2.1.

Table 2.1 viscosity characteristics of mixtures (Nex Base 3050 + SV261)

Table 2.2 viscosity characteristics of mixtures (Mogul NA 22/130 + SV261)

Table 2.3 viscosity characteristics of mixtures (Zenteum HC4 + SV261)

Table 2.4 Viscosity thickened base components 

In the semi-synthetic oils are used as a base blend of high component Fr.350-420. "Ideal" base, apparently, it is necessary to consider a couple of components that do not differ on the dynamics of change in viscosity with the addition of a viscosity modifier. Option to be considered the closest to the base is a pair (Nex Base + Fr.350-420 3050), whose components have almost the same viscosity properties in the "working" for multigrade oils range SV261 content from 5 to 11%.

In the case of using base oils with low viscosity UHVI an increase amount of inoculant administered.

Dependence of the viscosity of the thickened base of its component composition and content of the thickener is shown in tabular form below - in the "method of calculating the kinematic viscosity multigrade engine oils." Here, the viscosity of mixtures with SV261 «clean» components in accordance with the charts of figure 2.1, and mixed with Fr.350-420 calculated by G.V. Vinogradov in accordance with the ratio of components in the mixture.

The above tabular and graphical data indicates that mineral and synthetic high-index (VHVI) basestocks differ significantly in the context of their viscosity characteristics change depending on the content of the viscosity modifier mixture.

The absolute values ​​of the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C and 100 ° C with a mixture of mineral bases SV261 in the entire investigated range of concentrations higher than for components VHVI. Change (increase) the kinematic viscosity mineral bases with increasing concentration of the modifier is more intense than the base VHVI. These differences are most pronounced in relation to Fr. 420-500.

Quantitative changes in viscosity Fr.350-420, Nex Base Mogul HC22J130 3050 and in "working" concentration range viscosity modifier in the mixture are identical and differ by an amount commensurate with the difference between the initial viscosity bases. With increasing modifier content in the mixture of differences in the dynamics of change in viscosity mineral base and bases VHVI markedly increased.

Nature of the change in viscosity component Zenteum HC4 similar Mogul NA 22 | 130, but the schedule runs somewhat lower. In "working" range of content SV261 difference between the absolute values ​​of viscosity practically corresponds to the difference between the initial viscosity components.

     Fr.350-420 base and Fr.420-500 in terms of absolute values ​​of viscosity mixtures with SV261 and the dynamics of change in viscosity is largely differ among themselves. For example, when content in the mixture of 20% SV261 kinematic viscosity increase of the initial base at 100 ° C of about 20 mm2 / s 28 mm2 / s, at 40 ° C - 140 mm2 / sec and 250 mm2 / s respectively for Fr.350 -420 and Frederick. 420-500. At the same time, the corresponding figures for HVI components do not exceed 15 mm2 / s 80 mm2 / s. Table 2.5 and Figure 2.2 shows the graph data matching kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C and 100 bases with different contents Fr.350-420 viscosity modifier.

Table 2.5

  Here, for comparison, the "expected" value of the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C mineral bases, if they had a viscosity at 100 ° C, equal to the viscosity of the thickened mixture Fr.350-420. According to the schedule it is easy to establish that the real value of KV40 mixtures (Fr.350-420 + SV261) in the "working" modifier concentration range is about 60% of the values ​​KV40 "equivalent" to them in KV100 mineral bases. These data explain the principle of "thickening" of action of high viscosity viscosity modifier. The presence in the mixture of polymer chains of viscosity modifier increases to a certain value of viscosity of the product at 100 ° C and reduces the viscosity at 40 ° C with respect to the "equivalent" bazy.Dlya mineral (basic component + SV261) which means a decrease of viscosity with temperature, i.e. increasing the viscosity index oil.

      It has been observed that an increase in the viscosity of oil at 100 ° C when mixed with the modifier is much higher than expected values ​​(Table. 2.5 shows through fraction italics) obtained by calculation for ordinary laws. petroleum based viscosity modifier at 100 ° C (on the order of 1300-1400 mm2 / s).

      All specific, it would seem "abnormal", viscous transformation. Thickened viscosity modifier basic components are easily explained by changes in viscosity modifier solution, depending on the degree of "disclosure" of his "globules" when the temperature changes. An increase in temperature enhances the "disclosure" globules deployment modifier polymer chains, which leads to the "anomalous" in comparison with the single-grade components increase the kinematic viscosity. Decrease in temperature is determined by the reverse process: the polymer chains (modifier partially collapsed, reduced in volume, changes to some extent, the interaction force modifier particles and molecules of the base component and the viscosity of the mixture in comparison with the "expected" values ​​reduced.

Infineum SV261 modifier viscosity index

   The essence of the action Infineum SV261 as viscosity index modifiers are well visible on the above graph, Figure 2.2 reflects the relationship between the viscosity at 100 and 40 ° C for gelled and ungelled mineral base. The research allowed not only to establish the dynamics of change in viscosity of basic components in the mixture with a viscosity modifier, but also to evaluate the effectiveness of viscosity index Infineum SV261 as viscosity index modifiers in relation to the basic components and Fr.350-420 Fr.420-500, Nex Base 3050, Mogul 22/130, Zenteum HC4. Data on the change in viscosity index basestocks according to the content SV261 shown in Table 3.1. and the graph of Fig. 3.1

Table 3.1 indexation viscosity mixtures of bases from SV261

     As follows from the table and graphs data, mixtures of viscosity index basestocks SV261 viscosity modifier increases steadily with increasing concentrations of modifier. But the angle of the lines of graphs is not constant and decreases with increasing concentration of modifier that indicates a decline in the effectiveness SV261 as modifier viscosity index with an increase of its content in the mixture.

     Of interest table data 3.2 which shows the actual increase in the viscosity index of base components in admixture with 10% SV261.

Table 3.2 actual increase in the viscosity index

As you can see, an increase in the viscosity index of all the basic components, with the exception of Fr. 350-420 can be considered substantially the same. It varies from 49 to 52 units. and for components with close values ​​of kinematic viscosity is practically independent of the accessory component to the group of mineral or VHVI. Sharp distinction viscosity index mixtures with the same modifier content determined by the difference between the initial viscosity index thickenable basic components.

     Based on the example Fr.420-500 can assume that with respect to the oil component with high kinematic viscosity Infineum SV261, viscosity index modifier, is less efficient. Confirmation of this thesis is the following fact, when added to oil M-10DM (viscosity at 100 ° C - 12.73 mm 2 / s, IV - 88) SV261 modifier in an amount of 10% is obtained with oil viscosity index 124 units.,  means growth viscosity index amounted to only 36 units.

The additive package Infineum D3354 as a factor of viscosity characteristics of motor oils

   The final stage of the preparation of the universal motor oil is compounding the thickened base packages multifunctional additives. The main purpose for multigrade oils package is Infineum D3354 (or similar). Less often (mostly for the group of oils SF / CC classification API) package is used D1180. With its high kinematic viscosity (D3354 - about 180, D1180 - about 80 mm2 / s at 100 ° C) additives have a significant effect on the viscosity of the finished oil. To assess the degree of influence on the formation of D3354 viscosity analytically determined kinematic viscosity of the mixture of base oils Service D3354 at a content of 0-30% by weight of additives.

   The experimentally obtained values ​​of viscosity characteristics are shown in the tables. These viscosity changes "Fr.350-420" "Fr.420-500" and "residual" (> 500 ° C) are plotted in Fig. 4.1: dotted line - line "Fr.350-420" and "Fr.420-500" line "Residual" coincides with the base line of the graph to a viscosity of 21 mm2 / s. Data for constructing other graphs obtained by calculation using the coefficient of viscosity increase provided in Table 4.3. When the viscosity of this base with 4 - 9 mm 2 / s as represented by a mixture of bases "Fr.350-420" and "Fr.420-500" and with a viscosity of 10-22 mm2 / s - as mixture "Fr.420-500" and the "residual" (> 500 ° C)

 The scheme of calculation:

- Calculation (for GV Vinogradov) of the mixture corresponding to the nominal value of the viscosity of the line graphics;

- Calculation of the coefficient of viscosity increase of the mixture (KD3354), based on the composition of the mixture and respective coefficients of mixed bases for a given additive content;

- Calculation of the viscosity of the mixture as a product of the nominal viscosity coefficient obtained KD3354.

Table 4.1 viscosity of the mixture of base oils with D3354

Table 4.2 Changes in the viscosity of mixtures of base oils with D3354

Table 4.3  Coefficient of variation of viscosity (KD3354) mixtures of base oils with D3354

  Presented in tables and graphs data suggest that the actual viscosity of the mixture of base oils with additives package, absolute and relative (KD3354) increase in the viscosity values ​​are individual, determines the viscosity base and package content. KD3354, as the ratio of the actual viscosity of the mixture to the base viscosity decreases with increasing viscosity of the base component, whereas the difference of the actual values ​​of viscosity of the mixture increases and bases.

Is some interest question: how different among themselves, synthetic and semi-synthetic base in terms of changes in viscosity during compounding Service D3354?

     Table 4.4 and in Fig. 4.2 shows the viscosity characteristics of mixtures of additives Infintum D3354 with a basic component of the formulation (NB + 7,6% SV261) Fig. 4.2 also shows a plot of the viscosity ungelled mineral base with a viscosity of 10 mm2 / s

Table 4.4 Viscosity of mixtures of base (NB + 7,6% SV261) and packet D3354

 As can be seen from the graph of Fig. 4.2, the viscosity of the base mixtures (NB + 7,6% SV261) D3354 with less viscosity values ​​of similar mixtures of mineral bases equivalent viscosity. In the concentration range 5 D3354 - 15 wt%. discrepancies are 3 - 5%. Said concentration ranges D3354 selected on the basis that the multigrade engine oils of prepared contents D3354 additives is 11 - 13% by weight.

     The relationship between the viscosity of the mixture of synthetic (semi-synthetic) and mineral bases Service D3354, provided the equality of their initial viscosity, can serve as a "key" to move from dependency to mineral bases (Fig. 4.1) to synthetic and semisynthetics oils .

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Practice technologist  >  Viscosity  > Teaching aids > Laboratory